Applications of biotechnology in health and agriculture - transgenic plants and animals, gene therapy - One Line Questions

1. The first transgenic animal, a mouse, was created in which year? — 1982
2. What is gene therapy? — A method to introduce genes into a patient's cells to treat a genetic disorder
3. The use of transgenic animals to produce vaccines is an example of: — Medical biotechnology
4. What is a common application of herbicide resistance in transgenic crops? — Allowing farmers to use broad-spectrum herbicides without damaging the crop
5. What is a transgenic animal? — An animal whose genome has been altered to contain foreign DNA
6. Which type of virus is often used as a vector in gene therapy to deliver therapeutic genes into human cells? — Retrovirus
7. What is 'pharming' in the context of transgenic animals? — Using transgenic animals to produce pharmaceutical products
8. Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis aims to introduce a functional copy of which gene? — CFTR gene
9. Gene therapy that targets germ cells (sperm or egg cells) would result in: — Changes that are heritable and passed on to offspring.
10. Which of the following is a method used to create transgenic animals? — All of the above
11. Alpha-1-antitrypsin is a protein that can be produced in the milk of transgenic animals. What condition does alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency cause? — Emphysema
12. The first successful gene therapy trial in humans was conducted for which condition? — Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
13. SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) is a genetic disorder that has been a target for gene therapy. What is the primary defect in SCID? — Deficiency in immune cell development
14. The 'Green Revolution' was primarily based on conventional breeding, but biotechnology has further enhanced agricultural productivity. Which of the following is a key contribution of biotechnology to agriculture? — All of the above
15. What is the primary challenge in creating transgenic animals that express therapeutic proteins in their milk? — Achieving high-level, tissue-specific expression of the foreign gene.
16. Which bacterium is commonly used to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells for creating transgenic plants? — Agrobacterium tumefaciens
17. Rosy-red (rr) mutation in Drosophila is an example of a mutation that can be corrected using gene therapy principles. This mutation affects the production of what? — Eye pigment
18. A significant advancement in gene therapy for certain cancers involves modifying a patient's T-cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). This is known as: — Ex vivo gene therapy
19. What is the difference between in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy? — In vivo involves modifying cells inside the body, ex vivo outside.
20. What is the potential benefit of creating transgenic animals that are more resistant to diseases? — Reduced need for veterinary medicines and improved animal welfare
21. Flavr Savr tomato was one of the first genetically modified foods. Its modification was aimed at: — Slowing down its ripening process
22. The development of drought-tolerant transgenic crops is crucial for: — Reducing irrigation needs and ensuring food security in arid regions
23. Which of the following transgenic animals has been engineered to produce antithrombin, a protein important for blood clotting? — Sheep
24. Which of the following is a transgenic animal that has been developed to produce human lactoferrin, a protein with antibacterial properties? — Goat
25. Which of the following is a major challenge in gene therapy? — Immune response to the vector
26. Which of the following is a method for introducing genes into plant cells without using Agrobacterium? — Particle bombardment (gene gun)
27. Which of the following is NOT a typical trait introduced into transgenic plants? — Reduced flowering time
28. The use of 'terminator technology' in transgenic crops is controversial because it aims to: — Prevent the seeds of the transgenic plant from germinating
29. What is a potential ethical concern regarding the creation of transgenic animals? — All of the above
30. Which of the following is a potential risk associated with transgenic plants? — Development of allergens or toxins
31. Which of the following is NOT a vector commonly used in gene therapy? — Plasmid DNA
32. Bt cotton is a transgenic plant that produces an insecticidal protein derived from which bacterium? — Bacillus thuringiensis
33. What is a significant challenge in developing effective gene therapy for complex genetic disorders involving multiple genes? — The need to deliver multiple therapeutic genes simultaneously and regulate their expression.
34. The 'Biopiracy' concern related to genetically modified crops often refers to: — The unauthorized use of traditional knowledge or biological resources for commercial purposes.
35. Which characteristic makes 'Bacillus thuringiensis' toxins effective against specific insect pests but generally harmless to humans? — They bind only to specific insect receptors not present in humans.
36. What is the main advantage of using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in gene therapy? — They have a low immunogenicity.
37. Which of the following is a limitation of using retroviral vectors in gene therapy? — They integrate randomly into the genome, potentially causing mutations.
38. What is the primary mechanism by which Bt toxins protect plants from insect pests? — They form pores in the insect's gut lining, leading to cell lysis.
39. What is the primary objective of using gene therapy for genetic blindness disorders like Leber's congenital amaurosis? — To restore the function of a defective gene in photoreceptor cells.
40. What is the purpose of using a vector in gene therapy? — To deliver the therapeutic gene into the target cells
41. What is the primary goal of developing transgenic plants? — To enhance their nutritional value or introduce herbicide resistance
42. What is the primary application of transgenic animals in agriculture? — To produce pharmaceutical proteins (pharming)
43. What is the role of a selectable marker gene in plant transformation? — To allow identification of transformed cells
44. Which transgenic animal was the first to be approved for human therapeutic use (though not widely adopted)? — Transgenic goat
45. Which of these is NOT a direct application of gene therapy in humans? — Developing crops resistant to fungal infections.
46. Human insulin produced by recombinant DNA technology is often referred to as 'Humulin'. This technology is a precursor to advanced gene therapy applications. — False, as it is a form of genetic engineering, not gene therapy.
47. What does the term 'gene doping' refer to in the context of gene therapy and sports? — Using gene therapy to enhance athletic performance.
48. Golden Bananas, engineered to produce beta-carotene, are intended to combat deficiency of which vitamin in developing countries? — Vitamin A
49. Golden Rice is a transgenic variety of rice engineered to produce beta-carotene, a precursor to which vitamin? — Vitamin A
All One Line Questions
E-Book Applications of biotechnology in health and agriculture - transgenic plants and animals, gene therapy Online Test Applications of biotechnology in health and agriculture - transgenic plants and animals, gene therapy Question Bank Applications of biotechnology in health and agriculture - transgenic plants and animals, gene therapy