Biodiversity and conservation - levels of biodiversity, threats to biodiversity, conservation strategies - One Line Questions

1. The Amazon rainforest exhibits high species diversity. This refers to: — A great variety of different species of plants, animals, and microorganisms.
2. If two different forest patches have distinct sets of species, this difference contributes to: — Beta diversity
3. The Indian subcontinent, with its varied biomes from deserts to rainforests, exhibits high: — Gamma diversity
4. Which of the following is a method of ex-situ conservation? — Maintaining botanical gardens and zoological parks
5. Which of the following is a conservation approach that focuses on protecting keystone species? — Species-based management
6. Acid rain, caused by air pollution, is a threat to biodiversity because it: — Lowers the pH of water bodies and soil, harming aquatic life and plants.
7. Which of the following human activities directly leads to the loss of genetic diversity within a species? — Selective hunting of individuals with desirable traits
8. Establishing national parks and wildlife sanctuaries are examples of: — In-situ conservation
9. The protection of endangered species in their natural habitat is termed: — In-situ conservation
10. Sacred groves, traditionally protected by local communities, serve as an important method of: — In-situ conservation
11. Which term describes the diversity of species within a particular habitat or ecosystem? — Alpha diversity
12. A mountain range with diverse slopes, altitudes, and microclimates supports a wide range of species. This represents high: — Ecosystem diversity
13. Which of the following is NOT a direct threat to biodiversity? — Natural selection
14. Which conservation strategy involves protecting entire ecosystems and their associated species? — In-situ conservation
15. Seed banks and cryopreservation of gametes are examples of: — Ex-situ conservation
16. Captive breeding programs aim to: — Reintroduce endangered species into their natural habitats.
17. The loss of biodiversity can lead to: — Reduced availability of ecosystem services.
18. The introduction of a non-native species into an ecosystem can lead to: — Displacement or extinction of native species
19. Pollution of water bodies by industrial waste is a threat to biodiversity because it: — Can poison aquatic organisms and disrupt ecosystems.
20. A keystone species is one that: — Has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance.
21. The Western Ghats in India are recognized as a biodiversity hotspot primarily due to: — Its high species diversity and significant number of endemic species.
22. Which of the following is a characteristic of a 'hotspot' of biodiversity? — High species richness and high endemism.
23. Which of the following is a direct threat to biodiversity caused by human activities? — Habitat destruction and fragmentation
24. Which of the following is an invasive alien species that has caused significant harm to biodiversity in India? — Lantana camara
25. Which of the following is a major threat to the biodiversity of coral reefs? — Ocean acidification and rising sea temperatures
26. The main purpose of a biosphere reserve is to: — Conserve biodiversity, including species, ecosystems, and genetic resources.
27. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims to: — Conserve biological diversity, ensure the sustainable use of its components, and promote fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.
28. The purification of water and air by ecosystems falls under which category of services? — Regulating services
29. Ecosystems provide essential processes like nutrient cycling and soil formation. These are classified as: — Supporting services
30. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) framework categorizes ecosystem services into: — Provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting services.
31. Which of the following is a major cause of habitat fragmentation? — Construction of roads and urban sprawl
32. Which category of ecosystem services includes products obtained directly from ecosystems, such as food and timber? — Provisioning services
33. Recreational opportunities and aesthetic beauty provided by ecosystems are examples of: — Cultural services
34. The IUCN Red List categorizes species based on their: — Risk of extinction
35. The concept of 'biodiversity hotspots' was first proposed by: — Norman Myers
36. The process where a species' population size is reduced to a critically low level, increasing its risk of extinction, is known as: — Bottleneck effect
37. The variety of different habitats and ecological communities in a region refers to which level of biodiversity? — Ecosystem diversity
38. Which strategy involves restoring degraded habitats to their original or near-original state? — Habitat restoration
39. Climate change poses a threat to biodiversity primarily by: — Altering habitats and forcing species to adapt, migrate, or perish.
40. The primary goal of conservation biology is to: — Protect and manage biological diversity.
41. Which of the following is an example of overexploitation of a natural resource leading to biodiversity loss? — Poaching of tigers for their skin and bones
42. Gamma diversity refers to: — The total species richness over a large geographical area (landscape or region).
43. What does 'endemism' refer to in the context of biodiversity? — The presence of a species only in a particular geographical area.
44. What is meant by species diversity? —
45. Beta diversity is a measure of: — The rate of species turnover between different habitats or ecosystems.
46. Which of the following best describes genetic diversity within a species? — The variation of genes within a single species.
47. The protection of migratory species often requires international cooperation because: — Their migratory routes cross national borders.
48. What is the primary role of gene banks in biodiversity conservation? — To preserve genetic material (seeds, tissues, gametes) for future use.
49. The 'Living Planet Report' is published by which organization, focusing on the state of biodiversity? — World Wildlife Fund (WWF)
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