Classical and operant learning theories and their classroom use. - One Line Questions

1. What is the term for the gradual disappearance of a learned response when reinforcement is withheld? — Extinction
2. A student remembers a teacher's explanation of a math problem. This relates to which component of Social Learning Theory? — Retention
3. According to Social Learning Theory, what are the four key processes involved in observational learning? — Attention, Retention, Motivation, Reinforcement
4. Who is considered the principal theorist behind Classical Conditioning? — Ivan Pavlov
5. Which theorist proposed the Law of Effect, stating that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to recur? — Edward Thorndike
6. Which theory emphasizes learning through observation, imitation, and modeling? — Social Learning Theory
7. Albert Bandura is most associated with which learning theory? — Social Learning Theory
8. The use of token economies in classrooms, where students earn tokens for desired behaviors that can be exchanged for rewards, is primarily based on principles of: — Operant Conditioning
9. What is the primary difference between classical and operant conditioning? — Classical conditioning involves involuntary reflexes, while operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviors.
10. Classical conditioning is most effective for teaching: — Emotional responses and simple associations
11. Which schedule of reinforcement typically leads to the highest and most consistent rate of response? — Variable-ratio reinforcement
12. Which type of reinforcement in operant conditioning is most resistant to extinction? — Variable-ratio reinforcement
13. If a teacher consistently uses praise (positive reinforcement) when students follow classroom rules, this aims to: — Increase the likelihood of rule-following
14. The process by which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus is called: — Acquisition
15. The process of reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior is called: — Shaping
16. In a classroom, a teacher wants to encourage a shy student to participate more. The teacher might start by praising any attempt to speak, then only praising more elaborate contributions. This is an example of: — Shaping
17. A student is paid for every 10 essays they complete. This is an example of a ________ schedule of reinforcement. — Fixed-ratio
18. A salesperson earns a commission for every 5 cars sold. This is an example of a ________ schedule of reinforcement. — Fixed-ratio
19. A fisherman catches fish at unpredictable times. This is an example of a ________ schedule of reinforcement. — Variable-interval
20. A student gets a sticker for every 5 math problems solved correctly. This is a ________ schedule of reinforcement. — Fixed-ratio
21. Which schedule of reinforcement involves rewarding a behavior every time it occurs? — Continuous
22. A factory worker is paid every Friday, regardless of how many units they produce. This is an example of a ________ schedule of reinforcement. — Fixed-interval
23. The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of rest is called: — Spontaneous Recovery
24. Which of the following is a potential negative consequence of using punishment in the classroom? — Increased anxiety and avoidance behaviors
25. What is the effect of punishment in operant conditioning? — Decreases the likelihood of a behavior
26. Operant conditioning is based on the principle that behavior is influenced by: — Consequences
27. Which aspect of learning is emphasized by both classical and operant conditioning? — Observable behavior and its relation to stimuli/consequences
28. What happens to a conditioned response if the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus? — It is extinguished
29. Who is the primary proponent of Operant Conditioning? — B.F. Skinner
30. A teacher praises a student for raising their hand before speaking. This is an example of: — Positive Reinforcement
31. Which type of reinforcement involves presenting a desirable consequence after a behavior? — Positive Reinforcement
32. The 'Little Albert' experiment is a classic example of: — Classical Conditioning
33. Giving a student extra free time for completing their homework on time is an example of: — Positive Reinforcement
34. What is the term for adding a desirable stimulus to increase the frequency of a behavior? — Positive Reinforcement
35. Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase the frequency of a behavior is known as: — Negative Reinforcement
36. Taking away a student's phone privileges for not doing their chores is an example of: — Negative Punishment
37. Adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease the frequency of a behavior is called: — Positive Punishment
38. Which of the following is NOT a type of reinforcement or punishment in operant conditioning? — Stimulus Generalization
39. When a teacher uses a 'time-out' strategy, removing a student from a reinforcing activity for misbehavior, this is an example of: — Negative Punishment
40. In operant conditioning, a behavior that is strengthened by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus is said to be: — Negatively reinforced
41. In operant conditioning, a consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring again is called: — Reinforcement
42. The concept of 'vicarious reinforcement' in Social Learning Theory refers to: — Observing someone else being reinforced for a behavior and becoming more likely to perform it
43. If a child sees a sibling being praised for cleaning their room, the child is more likely to clean their room. This illustrates which component of Social Learning Theory? — Motivation
44. Which of the following is a classroom application of classical conditioning? — Associating a pleasant smell with a difficult subject
45. A student who is afraid of dogs, after a series of positive experiences with a gentle dog, no longer shows fear. This improvement is an example of: — Counter-conditioning (related to classical conditioning principles)
46. The tendency for a conditioned response to be elicited by stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus is known as: — Stimulus Generalization
47. When a learned response occurs to one specific stimulus but not to similar stimuli, it is called: — Stimulus Discrimination
48. In Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment, what was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) that naturally elicited a response? — The presentation of food
49. The effectiveness of operant conditioning techniques in the classroom depends heavily on: — The consistency and timing of consequences
50. If a dog salivates to the sound of a bell after conditioning, the salivation is an example of: — Conditioned Response (CR)
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