Computer Fundamentals, Hardware and Software, Operating System - One Line Questions

1. Which of the following is a common file extension for executable programs? .exe
2. How many bits are in a byte? 8
3. What is cache memory? A small, very fast memory used to speed up access to frequently used data
4. What is a network protocol? A set of rules for data communication over a network
5. What is a file system in an operating system? A method and data structure that an operating system uses to control how data is stored and retrieved
6. What is an operating system? A program that manages computer hardware and software resources
7. What is a compiler? A program that translates high-level language code into machine code
8. Which unit is responsible for fetching instructions from memory and executing them? Control Unit
9. Which is a popular example of a desktop operating system? macOS
10. Which operating system is primarily used on Apple devices like iPhones and iPads? iOS
11. What is the smallest unit of data in a computer? Bit
12. What does CPU stand for? Central Processing Unit
13. Which of the following is the basic unit of a computer system? Central Processing Unit
14. Which of the following is NOT a type of computer hardware? Operating System
15. Which of the following is an example of application software? Spreadsheet Program (e.g., Excel)
16. What does the acronym 'GUI' stand for in computing? Graphical User Interface
17. Which device provides power to the computer's components? Power Supply Unit (PSU)
18. Which component is responsible for cooling the CPU? Heatsink and Fan
19. Which of the following is a common input device for gaming? Joystick
20. What is the advantage of an SSD over an HDD? Faster data access speeds
21. Which of the following is a type of Solid State Drive (SSD)? Flash memory
22. Which type of software provides a command-line interface (CLI)? Windows Command Prompt
23. Which of the following is an example of system software? Windows 10
24. Which of these is an example of utility software? Antivirus Software
25. Which of the following is a storage device? Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
26. What is software? Set of instructions that tell hardware what to do
27. What is the most common type of input device? Keyboard
28. Which component is often referred to as the 'brain' of the computer? CPU
29. Which type of memory is non-volatile and retains data even when the power is off? ROM
30. Which component performs arithmetic and logical operations in a computer? ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
31. Which of the following is a type of computer port? USB Port
32. What does ROM stand for? Read Only Memory
33. What is the main advantage of cloud computing regarding software? Software is installed and run on remote servers, accessible via the internet
34. Which type of memory is volatile and loses its data when the power is turned off? RAM
35. Which device is used to display visual output from the computer? Monitor
36. What is the process of starting up a computer called? Booting
37. What is firmware? Software permanently programmed into a hardware device
38. What is a peripheral device? A device connected to the computer but not part of the core computer architecture
39. What is the function of a network interface card (NIC)? To connect a computer to a network
40. What is the main purpose of application software? To perform specific tasks for the user
41. What is the purpose of a graphics card (GPU)? To render images and video
42. What is the primary role of a device driver? To allow the operating system to communicate with a specific hardware device
43. What is the main purpose of an operating system's kernel? To manage system resources and communicate with hardware
44. What is the primary function of a hard disk drive (HDD)? To store data permanently
45. What is the function of the Control Unit (CU) in the CPU? To manage and coordinate the operations of the computer
46. What is the function of a BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)? To initialize hardware during the boot process
47. What is the primary function of RAM (Random Access Memory)? To store data temporarily for active use
48. What is the purpose of the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)? To perform arithmetic and logical operations
49. What is the main function of the motherboard? To connect all the components of the computer
50. What is the term for software designed to harm or exploit computer systems? Malware