Covalent bond fission homolytic and heterolytic species stability electrophiles nucleophiles and common reaction types - One Line Questions

1. Which type of reaction involves the removal of atoms or groups from adjacent carbon atoms? — Elimination
2. Which of the following is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction? — Nitration of benzene
3. A reaction where the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged is called a: — Rearrangement reaction
4. Which of the following is a common nucleophile? — CN-
5. A nucleophile can be: — A species with a lone pair of electrons
6. An electrophile can be: — A species with a vacant p-orbital
7. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of nucleophilic substitution reactions? — Attack by an electron-rich species
8. Which of the following is an example of a nucleophilic addition reaction? — Addition of HCN to propanal
9. Hyperconjugation is most significant in stabilizing: — Carbocations
10. Which type of species is typically a Lewis base? — Nucleophile
11. A species that can act as both an electrophile and a nucleophile is: — Carbonyl compound (e.g., RCHO)
12. Which of the following species is stabilized by resonance? — C6H5- (phenyl carbanion)
13. Resonance stabilization generally leads to: — Increased stability
14. Stability of carbocations generally increases with: — Electron-donating inductive effect
15. Hyperconjugation is a stabilizing effect that involves: — Delocalization of sigma electrons from adjacent C-H or C-C bonds into an empty p-orbital
16. Stability of carbanions generally increases with: — Electron-withdrawing inductive effect
17. Free radicals are stabilized by: — Electron-donating groups
18. A species that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond is called a: — Nucleophile
19. Consider the reaction: CH3Cl + OH- → CH3OH + Cl-. What is the role of OH-? — Nucleophile
20. The reaction of an alkene with Br2 in CCl4 is an example of which type of reaction? — Electrophilic addition
21. The reaction of an alkyl halide with a strong base like KOH is typically an example of: — Nucleophilic substitution
22. The reaction of methane with chlorine in the presence of sunlight is an example of: — Free radical substitution
23. Which of the following is a characteristic of homolytic cleavage? — Formation of free radicals
24. Which of the following is NOT an electrophile? — R-OH
25. Which of the following is NOT a nucleophile? — SO3
26. The breaking of a bond where both electrons go to one atom is called: — Heterolysis
27. What type of bond cleavage occurs when a shared pair of electrons goes entirely to one of the bonded atoms? — Heterolytic cleavage
28. Which type of bond cleavage results in the formation of two neutral radicals, each with an unpaired electron? — Homolytic cleavage
29. Which type of cleavage is more common in non-polar solvents? — Homolytic cleavage
30. Which type of cleavage is more common in polar protic solvents? — Heterolytic cleavage
31. Which of the following carbanions is the most stable? — Propargyl carbanion (HC≡C-CH2-)
32. Which of the following carbocations is the most stable? — tert-Butyl carbocation ((CH3)3C+)
33. Which of the following free radicals is the most stable? — Isopropyl radical ((CH3)2CH•)
34. Which of the following is an example of an electrophile? — BF3
35. What term describes a species that accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond? — Electrophile
36. Which type of species is typically a Lewis acid? — Electrophile
37. Consider the reaction: R-OH + H+ → R-OH2+. What is the role of H+? — Electrophile
38. In a substitution reaction, one atom or group is replaced by another. This can be initiated by: — Both nucleophiles and electrophiles
39. The stability of resonance structures is related to the: — Number of contributing structures and their energy
40. Which of the following is a common type of reaction in organic chemistry? — Addition
41. Which factor contributes to the stability of a free radical? — Delocalization of the unpaired electron
42. The stability order of tertiary, secondary, and primary carbocations is: — Tertiary > Secondary > Primary
43. The stability order of tertiary, secondary, and primary carbanions is: — Primary > Secondary > Tertiary
44. Consider the species R-Br. If treated with a Lewis acid like AlBr3, this bond might undergo heterolytic cleavage. What is likely formed? — R+ and Br-
45. Consider the species R-Br. Under UV light, this bond undergoes homolytic cleavage. What is formed? — R• and Br•
46. The stability of a molecule or ion is inversely proportional to its: — Reactivity
47. A species with a positive charge and a complete octet is generally: — Unstable
48. A species with a negative charge and a complete octet is generally: — Stable
49. In heterolytic cleavage of a C-X bond (where X is more electronegative than C), which species will carry the negative charge? — The atom X
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