Database Security and Authorization - integrity constraints, check constraints, referential constraints, views and updates on views - One Line Questions

1. A view in a database is best described as: — A stored query that presents data from one or more tables
2. What is the main difference between a PRIMARY KEY constraint and a UNIQUE constraint? — A UNIQUE constraint allows NULL values, while a PRIMARY KEY does not.
3. Which type of view is generally updatable? — A simple view based on a single table
4. If a user has `UPDATE` privilege on a table but not `INSERT` privilege, they can: — Change existing records but not add new ones.
5. Which of the following is an example of a check constraint condition? — AGE > 18
6. Which of the following statements about updating views is TRUE? — Updatability of a view depends on its definition and the underlying tables.
7. Which SQL clause is used to define a check constraint? — ALTER TABLE ... ADD CONSTRAINT ... CHECK
8. Consider a view `ProductSummary` created from `Products` and `Categories` tables. If `ProductSummary` includes columns from both tables, and an update is attempted on a column that exists only in the `Products` table, the update is: — Successful if the update affects only one row in the `Products` table and all required columns are present.
9. Consider a table `Employees` with columns `EmployeeID` (PK), `Name`, `DepartmentID` (FK referencing `Departments.DepartmentID`), and `Salary`. Which of the following is a valid CHECK constraint for the `Salary` column? — CHECK (Salary > 0)
10. The table containing the referenced column in a referential constraint is called the: — Parent table
11. Which of the following SQL statements would create a view named `ActiveCustomers` showing customers from the `Customers` table whose `status` is 'Active'? — CREATE VIEW ActiveCustomers AS SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE status = 'Active';
12. Which of the following actions is typically restricted by a referential constraint when attempting to delete a record from the parent table? — Deleting the parent record if child records exist.
13. Which integrity constraint enforces entity integrity? — Primary Key constraint
14. Which SQL command is used to remove privileges from a user? — REVOKE
15. If a view is created using a JOIN operation, under what condition might it be updatable? — If the update affects only one of the underlying tables and all necessary columns are included
16. A user having `SELECT` privilege on a table can: — Read data from the table.
17. Can you perform an INSERT operation directly on a view? — Only if the view is based on a single table and includes all NOT NULL columns
18. Which type of constraint ensures that all values in a column are unique? — UNIQUE constraint
19. In a referential constraint, the table containing the referencing column is known as the: — Child table
20. What does the `ON DELETE CASCADE` option in a foreign key constraint do? — Deletes corresponding rows in the child table when a row in the parent table is deleted
21. Which of the following is NOT a type of integrity constraint? — Trigger
22. A constraint that restricts the values that can be entered into a column based on a specific condition is called a: — Check constraint
23. A constraint that ensures that no two rows in a table have the same value in a specified column (or set of columns) is a: — Unique constraint
24. A user having `INSERT` privilege on a table can: — Add new rows to the table.
25. Which SQL command is used to grant specific privileges to a user? — GRANT
26. Which privilege allows a user to modify existing data in a table? — UPDATE
27. Which privilege allows a user to remove rows from a table? — DELETE
28. What does a referential constraint ensure between two tables? — That a value in the referencing column must exist in the referenced column of the other table
29. The `ON UPDATE SET NULL` option for a foreign key constraint means: — The foreign key column is set to NULL when the referenced primary key is updated
30. When a view is based on a single table, and the update operation modifies a column that is part of the view's selection, what is the most likely outcome? — The underlying table will be updated
31. If a `FOREIGN KEY` constraint is defined with `ON DELETE RESTRICT`, what happens if you try to delete a row from the parent table that has related rows in the child table? — The deletion of the row in the parent table is prevented and an error is raised.
32. What is a potential issue when updating data through a view? — The integrity constraints on the underlying table might be violated
33. What does it mean to grant `ALL PRIVILEGES` on a table to a user? — The user can perform all allowed operations (SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, etc.) on the table.
34. When updating data through a view that involves a join, if the update affects columns from multiple base tables, what is a common requirement for the view to be updatable? — Each row in the view must correspond to exactly one row in each base table.
35. Which of the following scenarios would typically prevent a view from being updatable? — The view uses the `DISTINCT` keyword.
36. What is the fundamental role of authorization in database security? — To control who can access what data and perform which operations.
37. What is the purpose of the `NOT NULL` constraint? — To ensure that a column cannot have a NULL value.
38. What is the primary benefit of using CHECK constraints? — To enforce domain integrity by limiting the range or set of values allowed
39. What is the primary purpose of an integrity constraint in a database? — To enforce data accuracy and consistency
40. What is the purpose of defining `ON DELETE SET NULL` for a foreign key? — To set the foreign key column in the child record to NULL when the parent record is deleted.
41. What is a primary advantage of using views? — To simplify complex queries and restrict data access
42. A referential constraint is typically implemented using which database object? — Foreign Key
43. A database constraint that prevents inserting a value into a column if that value is not present in a specified list of allowed values is a type of: — Check Constraint
44. A database designer wants to ensure that every `order_id` entered into the `Orders` table must correspond to an existing `customer_id` in the `Customers` table. Which constraint should be used? — FOREIGN KEY constraint on `Orders.customer_id` referencing `Customers.customer_id`
45. A `CHECK` constraint can be used to enforce: — A condition on the values allowed in a column.
46. What operation is typically forbidden on a referenced primary key if there are referencing foreign keys? — DELETE
47. Which of the following is a common way to implement authorization in a database system? — Implementing a role-based access control (RBAC) system.
48. If a view is defined as `CREATE VIEW HighSalaryEmployees AS SELECT EmployeeID, Name FROM Employees WHERE Salary > 100000;`, can `EmployeeID` be updated through this view? — Yes, if `EmployeeID` is not part of the WHERE clause.
49. If a view is defined using an aggregate function like `COUNT(*)`, can it be updated? — No, views with aggregate functions are generally not updatable.
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