Civil Services Examination - Economic and social development: sustainable development and poverty One Line Questions & Answers

1. The 'Millennium Development Goals' (MDGs) were precursors to the SDGs. In which year were the MDGs adopted? — 2000

2. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the United Nations in which year? — 2015

3. The 'Gini coefficient' is a measure of: — Income inequality

4. The 'Poverty Line' is a minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. It is often criticized for: — Not accounting for regional cost of living differences and non-monetary factors

5. The 'Bottom of the Pyramid' (BOP) concept, popularized by C.K. Prahalad, focuses on: — Creating business opportunities and serving the needs of the poorest populations

6. The 'National Rural Livelihoods Mission' (NRLM) in India aims to empower rural poor women through: — Formation of Self-Help Groups (SHGs)

7. Sustainable development requires balancing three core pillars. Which of the following is NOT one of these pillars? — Technological

8. Which of the following is NOT a dimension of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? — Military Expansion

9. The concept of 'carrying capacity' is central to which aspect of sustainable development? — Environmental Limits

10. Which of the following is a key component of sustainable development that focuses on the equitable distribution of resources and opportunities? — Social Equity

11. Which dimension of sustainable development focuses on human well-being, social justice, and equity? — Social Dimension

12. Which of the following is a 'social safety net' program? — Unemployment benefits and food assistance

13. Poverty is defined as a state of deprivation in basic human needs. Which of the following is NOT considered a basic human need in this context? — Entertainment

14. The concept of 'inclusive growth' in the context of economic development emphasizes: — Growth that creates opportunities for all sections of society

15. Which of the following is a measure of poverty based on income below a certain threshold? — Headcount Ratio

16. The 'Sen Index' of poverty considers both the number of poor and the depth of poverty. It is also known as: — Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index

17. Which of the following is a common indicator of social exclusion, often linked to poverty? — Discrimination and marginalization

18. The 'Resource Curse' or 'Paradox of Plenty' refers to the phenomenon where countries with abundant natural resources tend to have: — Lower levels of economic growth and development

19. The World Bank's primary role in poverty reduction is through: — Providing loans and technical assistance for development projects

20. The 'Multidimensional Poverty Index' (MPI) considers deprivations in which of the following areas? — Health, Education, and Living Standards

21. Which of the following is a policy measure often adopted to reduce poverty? — Implementing progressive taxation and social safety nets

22. Which of the following is a primary goal of 'Financial Inclusion' in poverty reduction strategies? — Providing access to financial services like banking, credit, and insurance for all

23. The 'Right to Development' is a concept that emphasizes: — A collective human right to a process that leads to the realization of all human rights

24. Which of the following is a key principle of sustainable development, ensuring that future generations can meet their needs? — Intergenerational Equity

25. Which of the following is a common critique of the 'trickle-down' economic theory regarding poverty? — It assumes benefits to the rich will automatically benefit the poor

26. Which of the following is a characteristic of 'relative poverty'? — Deprivation compared to the average standard of living in a society

27. Which of the following is a characteristic of 'extreme poverty' as defined by the World Bank? — Living on less than $1.90 a day (2011 PPP)

28. Which of the following is a social indicator of poverty? — Low literacy rate

29. The 'Circular Economy' model aims to: — Minimize waste by keeping resources in use for as long as possible

30. Which of the following is a critical aspect of the 'social' dimension of sustainable development? — Ensuring equitable access to education, healthcare, and justice

31. Which of the following poverty alleviation programs in India aims to provide guaranteed wage employment in rural areas? — Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

32. Which of the following is a major challenge in achieving sustainable development in developing countries? — High levels of foreign debt

33. The concept of 'intergenerational poverty' refers to: — Poverty that is passed down from parents to children

34. Which of the following is a strategy for sustainable urban development? — Investing in public transportation and green spaces

35. Which of the following is a key challenge for India in achieving sustainable development and poverty eradication? — High rates of resource depletion and environmental degradation

36. Which SDG specifically aims to end poverty in all its forms everywhere? — SDG 1

37. Which SDG aims to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts? — SDG 13

38. Which SDG aims to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all? — SDG 6

39. Which SDG focuses on reducing inequality within and among countries? — SDG 10

40. The 'Green Economy' concept is closely related to which aspect of sustainable development? — Environmental Sustainability

41. Which of the following best describes 'vulnerability' in the context of poverty? — The susceptibility of individuals or communities to negative impacts from environmental, social, or economic shocks

42. The concept of 'Sustainable Development' was popularized by which report? — Our Common Future

43. The concept of 'zero poverty' by 2030 is a key target of which global agenda? — The Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development

44. The 'Poverty Gap Index' measures: — The average distance of the poor from the poverty line

45. The concept of 'human capital' in economic development refers to: — The skills, knowledge, and health of the workforce

46. The 'Dependency Theory' in development economics suggests that poor countries are trapped in a state of underdevelopment due to: — Their historical and ongoing economic relationship with developed countries

47. Which UN agency is primarily responsible for coordinating global efforts to combat poverty and promote sustainable development? — UNDP

48. Which international organization publishes the Human Development Report, which often discusses poverty and development? — United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

49. The 'Brundtland Commission' was established by which organization? — United Nations

50. The concept of 'decent work' is promoted by which international organization, and is linked to poverty reduction? — International Labour Organization (ILO)

Economic and social development: sustainable development and poverty - One Line Questions