Environment and ecology: climate change and environmental conservation - One Line Questions

1. Which of the following is a key outcome of the COP26 summit held in Glasgow? — Commitments to phase down coal power and phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies.
2. What is 'climate mitigation'? — Reducing the sources or enhancing the sinks of greenhouse gases.
3. The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of substances that deplete it. Which of these substances is primarily targeted? — Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
4. The 'Kyoto Protocol' was an international treaty that committed countries to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but it had a major limitation regarding which key emitter? — United States
5. The 'Brundtland Report', officially titled 'Our Common Future', is famous for popularizing which concept? — Sustainable development
6. Which international convention provides the framework for international cooperation to combat climate change? — United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
7. The 'Green Climate Fund' (GCF) was established by the UNFCCC to help developing countries finance projects related to mitigation and adaptation. Which category of countries is it primarily intended to assist? — Developing countries
8. Which of the following is a policy instrument used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by putting a price on carbon? — Cap-and-trade system
9. The concept of 'biodiversity' is crucial for ecological resilience. Which of the following is a major threat to biodiversity exacerbated by climate change? — All of the above
10. Which of the following is a major threat posed by rising sea levels due to climate change? — Salinization of freshwater sources and coastal erosion.
11. Which of the following is a predicted impact of climate change on agriculture? — Shifts in growing seasons and potential crop failures due to extreme weather.
12. The 'Great Pacific Garbage Patch' is a massive accumulation of plastic debris in the Pacific Ocean. Its formation is primarily linked to: — Ocean currents and human waste disposal
13. Which of the following is an example of a 'carbon sink'? — Forest
14. Which of the following is a non-governmental organization (NGO) actively involved in environmental conservation and climate advocacy worldwide? — Greenpeace
15. The 'Paris Agreement' includes Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). What are NDCs? — National climate action plans submitted by each country.
16. The 'Tragedy of the Commons' is an economic theory that explains how individuals acting in their own self-interest can deplete a shared resource. How does it relate to climate change? — It highlights the difficulty in regulating shared atmospheric resources (like the atmosphere) from pollution.
17. The 'Albedo Effect' refers to the reflectivity of a surface. How does melting ice caps affect the Earth's albedo? — It decreases the albedo, leading to further warming.
18. Which international agreement, adopted in Paris in 2015, aims to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels? — Paris Agreement
19. Which of the following is a key component of sustainable development, often linked to climate action? — Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
20. Which international agreement preceded the Paris Agreement and aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from developed countries? — Kyoto Protocol
21. Which of the following gases is considered the primary greenhouse gas responsible for global warming? — Carbon Dioxide
22. Which of the following renewable energy sources is considered a significant contributor to reducing greenhouse gas emissions? — Solar and wind energy
23. The 'Green Revolution' in India, while increasing food production, also led to increased use of fertilizers and pesticides, contributing to which environmental issue related to climate change? — Increased nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions
24. What does the term 'climate refugee' refer to? — Individuals forced to leave their homes due to climate change impacts like sea-level rise or desertification.
25. Which of the following is a significant source of black carbon (soot) emissions, which contribute to warming by absorbing solar radiation? — Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass
26. Ocean acidification, a consequence of increased atmospheric CO2 absorption by oceans, primarily affects which marine organisms? — Coral reefs and shellfish
27. What is 'climate adaptation'? — Modifying natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects.
28. The 'Carbon Cycle' refers to the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Which process removes the largest amount of CO2 from the atmosphere? — Photosynthesis
29. Which of the following is a major source of anthropogenic (human-caused) nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions? — Rice cultivation and livestock
30. Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of climate change? — Expansion of tropical rainforests
31. The concept of 'planetary boundaries' suggests that human activities have pushed certain Earth systems beyond safe operating limits. Which of these is a recognized planetary boundary that has been crossed? — Biosphere integrity (biodiversity loss)
32. The concept of 'Resilience' in climate change adaptation refers to: — The capacity of social, economic, and environmental systems to cope with a hazardous event or trend.
33. The concept of 'Ecological Footprint' measures: — The demand placed on the environment by human consumption of resources.
34. The 'Anthropocene' is a proposed geological epoch characterized by: — Significant human impact on Earth's geology and ecosystems.
35. The concept of 'Climate Justice' primarily addresses: — The equitable distribution of climate-related burdens and benefits.
36. The concept of 'carrying capacity' in ecology refers to: — The maximum population size of a species that an environment can sustain indefinitely.
37. The 'Paris Agreement' aims to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. This goal is referred to as: — The Temperature Goal
38. Which phenomenon describes the warming of the Earth's surface and atmosphere due to the trapping of infrared radiation by greenhouse gases? — The greenhouse effect
39. What is 'geoengineering' in the context of climate change? — Large-scale intervention in the Earth's climate system to counteract global warming.
40. The 'Carbon Footprint' of an individual or organization represents: — The total amount of greenhouse gases generated by their actions.
41. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. What is its primary role? — To provide policymakers with regular scientific assessments on climate change.
42. What is the primary goal of the 'REDD+' (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) initiative? — To provide financial incentives for developing countries to conserve forests.
43. What is the primary aim of the 'Global Environment Facility' (GEF)? — To provide funding for projects that address global environmental issues, including climate change.
44. What is the primary role of forests in combating climate change? — To absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.
45. What is the main purpose of 'Nationally Determined Contributions' (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement? — To outline each country's individual climate action plan and emission reduction goals.
46. Which of the following is a major driver of deforestation, contributing significantly to climate change? — Expansion of agriculture and cattle ranching
47. Which of the following is a significant source of methane (CH4) emissions? — Anaerobic decomposition in wetlands and livestock digestion
48. What is the primary difference between weather and climate? — Weather refers to atmospheric conditions in a specific location, while climate is the average weather over a long period.
49. Which international organization is dedicated to coordinating global efforts to conserve nature and sustainably use natural resources? — International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
50. Which international body is responsible for setting global standards and guidelines for climate change science and policy assessments? — Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
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