GIS fundamentals: raster-vector data, functions (conversion, editing, analysis), DEM and georeferencing (projections, datum). - One Line Questions

1. The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) system divides the Earth into zones. What is the width of each UTM zone? — 6 degrees of longitude
2. What is the relationship between a datum and a projection? — A datum defines the reference surface, and a projection transforms this 3D surface onto a 2D plane.
3. What is a Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)? — A vector data structure using irregularly spaced points and triangles to represent surfaces
4. What is a datum in GIS? — A reference surface (ellipsoid) and its orientation to the Earth's center
5. What is the 'false easting' in a projected coordinate system? — A value added to the x-coordinate to avoid negative numbers
6. A conformal projection preserves: — Shape (angles)
7. Which of the following is NOT a type of map projection distortion? — Attribute distortion
8. In raster analysis, the process of calculating the steepest downslope direction from each cell is known as: — Aspect calculation
9. Overlay analysis in GIS combines: — Two or more layers to create a new layer
10. Which function is used to aggregate features with the same attribute value into a single feature? — Dissolve
11. A map projection that preserves distance from one or two central points to all other points on the map is called: — Equidistant
12. Which map projection property aims to maintain the correct size of features relative to each other? — Equivalent (Area)
13. The process of adding or modifying attributes associated with geographic features in a GIS is called: — Editing
14. Which GIS function involves performing spatial operations on data to derive new information, such as calculating buffer zones or overlaying layers? — Analysis
15. If you have data georeferenced to NAD27 and need to combine it with data in WGS84, what process is required? — Datum transformation
16. Which GIS function is essential for ensuring that different geographic datasets can be accurately compared and analyzed together? — Georeferencing and projection definition
17. Which GIS function is critical for ensuring spatial data accuracy and consistency over time? — All of the above
18. The difference between two datums, like NAD27 and WGS84, is primarily due to: — Different ellipsoids and reference points used
19. What does DEM stand for in the context of GIS? — Digital Elevation Model
20. Which of the following is a common raster data format used in GIS? — JPEG 2000
21. Which GIS function involves changing data from one format to another, e.g., from vector to raster? — Conversion
22. When converting a raster DEM to contours (vector lines), what is the primary GIS function involved? — Conversion
23. Georeferencing is the process of: — Assigning geographic coordinates to data
24. What is the primary advantage of the vector data model for representing discrete features like roads or buildings? — Precise representation of location and shape
25. The process of cutting out a portion of a dataset based on the boundary of another layer is called: — Clip
26. Which GIS function is used to modify the geometry or attributes of existing features? — Editing
27. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a type of GIS data that represents: — Surface elevation
28. What does a higher cell resolution in a raster dataset imply? — More spatial detail and larger file size
29. Which projection is widely used for mapping mid-latitude areas and is known for preserving area? — Albers Equal-Area Conic
30. Which type of map projection is ideal for mapping the entire world if preserving area is the highest priority? — Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection
31. Which datum is commonly used for GPS measurements and is considered a global standard? — WGS84 (World Geodetic System 1984)
32. Which GIS analysis operation would you use to find all parcels within 500 meters of a river? — Buffer
33. Which of the following is a key component of a vector data model? — Vertices and coordinates
34. Which GIS data format represents features as discrete geometric objects with explicit coordinates? — Vector
35. A shapefile (.shp) is an example of which GIS data model? — Vector
36. Which data model is generally preferred for representing precise boundaries of administrative regions or property lines? — Vector
37. What is the primary difference between raster and vector data models in GIS? — Raster uses grid cells, vector uses points, lines, and polygons.
38. What is the term for the process of assigning a geographic coordinate system to a raster image that does not have one? — Georeferencing
39. A projection is a systematic transformation of the curved surface of the Earth into a flat surface. What is the primary challenge addressed by map projections? — Minimizing distortion of shape, area, distance, or direction
40. Which GIS analysis technique is used to determine the visibility of locations from one or more viewpoints? — Viewshed analysis
41. What information can be derived from a DEM? — Slope, aspect, and watershed boundaries
42. What is the main characteristic of a raster dataset's resolution? — The geographic area covered by a single cell
43. What is the purpose of georeferencing in GIS? — To align geographic data with a known coordinate system
44. What is the primary purpose of a coordinate system in GIS? — To locate geographic features in real-world space
45. What is the purpose of a 'topology' in GIS, particularly in vector data? — To define the spatial relationships between features (e.g., adjacency, connectivity)
46. A DEM is typically stored as which type of GIS data model? — Raster
47. In GIS, which data model is best suited for representing continuous phenomena like elevation or temperature? — Raster data model
48. A geodetic datum provides the basis for: — Measuring locations accurately on the Earth's surface
49. What is the fundamental unit of a raster data model? — Cell (or Pixel)
All One Line Questions
E-Book GIS fundamentals: raster-vector data, functions (conversion, editing, analysis), DEM and georeferencing (projections, datum). Online Test GIS fundamentals: raster-vector data, functions (conversion, editing, analysis), DEM and georeferencing (projections, datum). Question Bank GIS fundamentals: raster-vector data, functions (conversion, editing, analysis), DEM and georeferencing (projections, datum).