India's economic policy - planned growth and development, role of private and public sectors, planning models, five year plans and planning approach - One Line Questions

1. The shift from a centrally planned economy to a more market-oriented economy in India was gradual, with significant reforms initiated in: — 1990s
2. The concept of decentralization in planning, giving more power to local bodies, gained prominence after which constitutional amendment? — 73rd and 74th Amendments
3. The 'Bombay Plan' (1944) was a significant early blueprint for India's industrial development, advocating for: — State intervention and planning in key industries
4. The liberalization reforms of 1991 were largely a response to: — A severe balance of payments crisis
5. The objective of 'socialist pattern of society' was a guiding principle for India's economic planning, aiming for: — Reduced inequalities and greater social justice
6. The 'Mahalanobis Model' of planning, influential in India's Second Five Year Plan, emphasized the development of which sector? — Heavy industries
7. The Seventh Five Year Plan (1985-1990) focused on improving productivity and efficiency in key sectors like: — Industry and infrastructure
8. What was a key feature of the 'Gandhian Model' of economic development? — Emphasis on village industries and decentralization
9. Which planning model emphasizes the role of market forces and competition in resource allocation? — Market economy model
10. The objective of 'self-reliance' in India's early economic planning primarily meant: — Reducing dependence on foreign aid and imports
11. The role of the private sector in India's planned development was initially characterized by: — Extensive government regulation and licensing
12. The concept of 'rolling plans' was introduced during which period in India? — During the Janata Party rule (1977-79)
13. Which of the following was a major criticism of India's early Five Year Plans? — Bureaucratic inefficiencies and slow implementation
14. The 'Mixed Economy' model adopted by India allows for: — Coexistence and interaction of public and private sectors
15. The Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-2017) aimed for: — Faster, sustainable, and more inclusive growth
16. Which Five Year Plan is often associated with the 'Green Revolution' in India? — Third Five Year Plan
17. Which Five Year Plan is often criticized for its slow growth rate and the 'Hindu rate of growth' phenomenon? — Third Five Year Plan
18. The concept of 'Minimum Needs Programme' was introduced in which Five Year Plan? — Fifth Five Year Plan
19. The role of the public sector in India's planned economy was primarily to: — Provide essential goods and services and build strategic industries
20. Which planning approach focuses on equitable distribution of resources and opportunities? — Equity-oriented planning
21. Which planning approach emphasizes the development of basic needs and essential services for the poor? — Basic needs approach
22. Which sector was significantly underdeveloped during India's initial planned development phase, leading to a focus on its modernization later? — Services Sector
23. Which of the following was a consequence of India's early protectionist policies? — Development of domestic industries but with lower efficiency and quality
24. The Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-1997) marked the beginning of: — Economic liberalization and integration with the global economy
25. The 'New Economic Policy' of 1991 was introduced by which Prime Minister? — P.V. Narasimha Rao
26. The Third Five Year Plan (1961-1966) aimed to achieve self-sufficiency in which key sector? — Food grains
27. What was the main criticism of the 'command economy' model adopted by India initially? — It stifled innovation and efficiency due to lack of market signals.
28. Which economic planning model was predominantly adopted by India in its early Five Year Plans? — Soviet-style central planning
29. What was the 'Industrial Policy Resolution' of 1956 primarily concerned with? — Defining the roles of public and private sectors in industrial development
30. The Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) in India were initially established with the goal of: — Building strategic industries, promoting regional development, and creating employment
31. The 'Economic Survey' of India, which provides an overview of the economy and policy directions, is typically presented before the: — Presentation of the Union Budget
32. What does 'Import Substitution Industrialization' (ISI) strategy aim to achieve? — Reduce reliance on imports by producing goods domestically
33. Which planning model is characterized by a mix of government intervention and market mechanisms? — Mixed Economy
34. The 'People's Plan' (1945) was drafted by M.N. Roy, focusing on: — Decentralized planning and grassroots development
35. The Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012) had the theme of: — Inclusive growth and poverty reduction
36. The Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002) emphasized 'growth with social justice and equity', focusing on: — Poverty alleviation and employment generation
37. What was the main characteristic of India's economic policy during the initial decades post-independence? — Strong emphasis on import substitution
38. The Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-85) marked a shift towards: — Focusing on poverty alleviation and employment generation
39. Which Five Year Plan was characterized by 'Annual Plans' due to political instability? — Fourth Five Year Plan
40. The 'Poverty-cum-Growth' model of planning was a focus during which Five Year Plan? — Sixth Five Year Plan
41. The concept of 'inclusive growth' became a significant focus in India's planning from which Five Year Plan onwards? — Tenth Five Year Plan
42. What significant shift occurred in India's economic policy in the early 1990s? — Introduction of liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG)
43. The 'National Planning Committee' formed in 1938 under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru was a precursor to: — The formulation of India's Five Year Plans
44. The role of the private sector has significantly expanded in India since: — The economic liberalization of 1991
45. The concept of 'planning horizon' in economic planning refers to: — The length of time for which a plan is formulated
46. The 'Garibi Hatao' slogan, emphasizing poverty alleviation, was a key focus of which Five Year Plan? — Fifth Five Year Plan
47. What was the primary role of the Planning Commission of India? — To formulate Five Year Plans and allocate resources
48. What was the primary objective of India's initial Five Year Plans? — To promote heavy industries and infrastructure development
49. What was the primary aim of the 'Minimum Support Price' (MSP) policy in agriculture, linked to planning? — To ensure remunerative prices for farmers and encourage food production
50. What was the primary objective of the 'National Development Council' (NDC) in India's planning process? — To approve Five Year Plans and provide policy direction
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