irrigation hydrology rainfall measurement runoff crop water requirements duty delta base period canal types canal lining - One Line Questions

1. If a rain gauge records 10 mm of rainfall over a period of 1 hour, what is the intensity of rainfall? — 10 mm/hr
2. If the Delta is 120 cm and the Base Period is 100 days, calculate the Duty. — 800 ha/cumec
3. If the Delta for a crop is 100 cm and the Base Period is 120 days, what is the approximate Duty (in hectares per cumec)? — 1200
4. What is the typical range for the Base Period of rice cultivation? — 70-150 days
5. Which instrument is used to measure soil moisture content? — Tensiometer
6. Which type of canal serves as a feeder channel to the main canal? — Branch canal
7. Which type of canal is designed to carry water from a reservoir or barrage to the main canal? — Feeder canal
8. A canal that follows the ridge line between two drainage basins is called a: — Ridge canal
9. A canal that is constructed perpendicular to the contours is known as a: — Side slope canal
10. Which of the following is a type of canal based on its source of supply? — Perennial canal
11. A canal that is designed to irrigate land on both sides of its alignment, with the water level in the canal being higher than the land on both sides, is typically a: — Ridge canal
12. The relationship between Delta (D), Base Period (B), and Duty (Du) is given by: — Du = 8.64 * B / D
13. Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation and transpiration. Which component is usually larger in irrigated agriculture? — Transpiration
14. What is the primary challenge addressed by canal lining regarding water loss? — Seepage losses
15. What is the unit of Duty? — Hectares per cumec (ha/cumec)
16. Which of the following is a characteristic of 'heavy rainfall' in the context of runoff generation? — Rapid saturation of soil
17. Which of the following is a disadvantage of unlined canals? — Increased seepage and waterlogging
18. A short-term crop with a short base period will generally have a: — Lower Delta and lower Duty
19. What is the relationship between rainfall intensity and runoff? — Higher intensity rainfall generally leads to higher runoff
20. What is the primary environmental concern associated with extensive canal lining, especially with impermeable materials? — Reduced groundwater recharge
21. Seepage losses in unlined canals can lead to: — Both A and B
22. Which type of rainfall measurement involves estimating rainfall over an area based on readings from a network of gauges? — All of the above
23. What is the primary function of transpiration in relation to crop water needs? — It is the process by which plants release water vapor, aiding nutrient transport.
24. What is the main advantage of a 'perennial canal' over an 'inundation canal'? — It provides a reliable supply of water throughout the year
25. Which of the following is a common material used for canal lining? — Concrete
26. Which of the following is a type of canal based on its alignment? — Ridge canal
27. A canal that receives water only during floods and is not fed by a perennial source is known as: — Inundation canal
28. Which of the following is NOT a method of rainfall measurement? — Anemometer
29. Which type of canal is constructed roughly parallel to the contours of the land? — Contour canal
30. What is meant by 'crop water requirement'? — The total amount of water lost from the soil and plant surfaces
31. Which factor significantly influences the Duty of a canal? — The type of soil and its permeability
32. The 'rotation period' in irrigation refers to: — The time between the start of one watering and the start of the next
33. The term 'field capacity' in soil physics relates to: — The maximum water a soil can hold against gravity after saturation
34. What is the 'Wilting Point'? — The moisture content at which plants can no longer extract water
35. What is the 'Base Period' of a crop? — The period from the first watering to the time the crop matures
36. What is 'Delta' in irrigation hydrology? — The total depth of water required by a crop during its entire growth period
37. What is 'Duty' in the context of irrigation? — The area of land that can be irrigated by a unit volume of water flowing continuously
38. What does the term 'irrigation interval' refer to? — The time between successive waterings
39. What is the purpose of a 'distribution canal'? — To distribute water from the main canal to smaller channels
40. What is the primary role of a 'watercourse' in an irrigation system? — To distribute water from the distributary to the fields
41. What is the main purpose of a 'cross regulator' in a canal system? — To increase the water level in the main canal
42. What is the primary objective of using a 'hydraulically designed' canal lining? — To improve flow velocity and reduce sedimentation
43. What is the main advantage of using a 'coupler' in a lined canal system? — To reinforce the lining at joints
44. What is the main advantage of canal lining? — To prevent seepage losses and erosion
45. What is the primary purpose of irrigation in agriculture? — To supplement natural rainfall for crop growth
46. What is meant by the 'consumptive use' of water by a crop? — Water lost through evaporation and transpiration
47. A standard non-recording rain gauge typically consists of a cylindrical container with a funnel. — True
48. The 'irrigation efficiency' refers to the ratio of: — Water used by the crop to water delivered to the field
49. Which statement best describes runoff? — Water that flows over the land surface
50. What does a tipping bucket rain gauge measure? — Intensity and duration of rainfall
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