Life science basics: classification, evolution, genetics. - One Line Questions

1. Fossil evidence suggests that life on Earth first appeared approximately how many billion years ago? — 3.5
2. The common ancestor of all life on Earth is believed to be: — A universal common ancestor (LUCA)
3. The process by which new species arise is called: — Speciation
4. The gradual change in the inherited traits of a population over many generations is the definition of: — Evolution
5. What are the basic building blocks of DNA? — Nucleotides
6. What are the four main types of biological macromolecules? — Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
7. Which of the following is a characteristic of the domain Eukarya? — Cells have membrane-bound organelles
8. The idea that organisms evolve through the inheritance of traits acquired during their lifetime is attributed to: — Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
9. Which scientist is known as the 'Father of Genetics'? — Gregor Mendel
10. Which of the following is the smallest unit of heredity? —
11. The different forms of a gene are called: — Alleles
12. Lamarck's theory of evolution was primarily based on the concept of: — Inheritance of acquired characteristics
13. The process of transcription involves the synthesis of: — RNA from DNA
14. The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time is called: — Biogeography
15. Which domain of life includes organisms with cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles? — Both Archaea and Bacteria
16. The classification of organisms into a hierarchical system is known as: — Taxonomy
17. The study of how traits are passed down from one generation to the next is called: — Genetics
18. The mechanism by which genes are passed from parents to offspring is called: — Heredity
19. A change in the DNA sequence is called a: — Mutation
20. The genetic code is read in units of three nucleotides called: — Codons
21. Which term describes the process where organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce? — Natural selection
22. Which of the following is a major driving force of evolution? — All of the above
23. The process where an organism better adapted to its environment tends to survive and produce more offspring is called: — Natural selection
24. The study of the development of an organism from fertilization to birth is called: — Embryology
25. The study of fossils is called: — Paleontology
26. The process of change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations is known as: — Evolution
27. What is the term for the observable physical characteristics of an organism? — Phenotype
28. The theory of evolution by natural selection was proposed by: — Charles Darwin
29. Which of the following is a concept central to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection? — Differential reproductive success
30. Which of the following is a key component of Darwin's theory of evolution? — Survival of the fittest
31. Which biological classification system places organisms into domains and kingdoms? — Woese's Three Domains
32. The process of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth is called: — Mitosis
33. Which of the following is a source of genetic variation? — Meiosis
34. What is the process where a single cell divides into two or more daughter cells? — Cell division
35. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of evolution? — Gene silencing
36. The process by which genetic material is exchanged between different organisms, leading to new combinations of genes, is called: — Recombination
37. Mendel's experiments with pea plants primarily demonstrated the principles of: — Genetic Inheritance
38. The study of the evolutionary history of species is called: — Phylogeny
39. What is the term for the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism? — Genome
40. The genetic makeup of an organism is called its: — Genotype
41. Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? — Presence of a nucleus
42. Which of the following is a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell? — Lack of a nucleus
43. Which kingdom in the five-kingdom system includes multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophic and have cell walls made of chitin? — Fungi
44. What is the structure that carries genetic information in most organisms? — Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
45. Which of the following is a vestigial structure in humans? — The appendix
46. According to modern synthesis, evolution is defined as: — The change in allele frequencies in a population over time
47. Which of the following is an example of an analogous structure? — The wings of a bird and the wings of an insect
48. Which of the following is an example of a homologous structure, indicating common ancestry? — The flippers of a whale and the arms of a human
49. The process of protein synthesis from an mRNA template is called: — Translation
50. DNA replication results in: — Two identical DNA molecules
All One Line Questions
E-Book Life science basics: classification, evolution, genetics. Online Test Life science basics: classification, evolution, genetics. Question Bank Life science basics: classification, evolution, genetics.