Locomotion and movement - skeletal system joints muscles mechanism of muscle contraction - One Line Questions

1. What is the total number of bones in the adult human body? — 206
2. What is the primary protein that forms the thick filaments in muscle cells? — Myosin
3. The elbow joint is primarily a type of: — Hinge joint
4. The 'cross-bridge cycling' in muscle contraction refers to the: — Binding and unbinding of myosin heads to actin
5. The process of muscle relaxation involves: — Calcium ions being pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
6. Which part of the vertebral column has the largest and strongest vertebrae to support body weight? — Lumbar
7. What part of the vertebral column consists of five fused vertebrae? — Sacrum
8. The sternum is also known as the: — Breastbone
9. What is the primary function of ligaments? — Connect bones to bones
10. The 'H zone' within a sarcomere is the region that: — Contains only thick filaments
11. What is the primary role of the skeletal system? — Support, protection, and movement
12. What is the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction that triggers muscle contraction? — Acetylcholine
13. What is the term for the connective tissue sheath that surrounds a fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers)? — Perimysium
14. Which bone articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the knee joint? — Femur
15. The skeletal structure of the arm consists of: — Humerus, radius, ulna
16. What is the primary function of the hyoid bone? — Anchoring the tongue and providing attachment for muscles of swallowing
17. What is the substance that stores oxygen in muscle cells? — Myoglobin
18. Which type of joint allows for rotation around a central axis, like in the neck (atlas-axis articulation)? — Pivot joint
19. Which of the following is a type of synovial joint characterized by opposing surfaces that are flat or slightly curved, allowing gliding movements? — Gliding joint
20. Which joint allows for the greatest range of motion, like in the shoulder and hip? —
21. What type of joint is found between the carpals and metacarpals? — Gliding joint
22. The skull is an example of which type of joint? — Suture joint
23. Which bone is commonly called the 'funny bone'? — Ulna
24. A decrease in muscle mass due to lack of use is termed: — Atrophy
25. The 'M line' is located in the center of which band in a sarcomere? — H zone
26. Which part of the pelvis articulates with the femur? — Acetabulum
27. What connective tissue connects muscles to bones? — Tendon
28. The 'Z line' or 'Z disc' marks the boundary of which functional unit? — Sarcomere
29. The 'red' color of skeletal muscles is due to the presence of: — Myoglobin
30. What is the primary structural protein that forms the thin filaments in muscle cells? — Actin
31. The 'powerhouse' of the cell, responsible for ATP production, is abundant in muscle cells. What is this organelle? — Mitochondrion
32. The 'I band' in a sarcomere represents the region where: — Only thin filaments are present
33. The 'A band' in a sarcomere represents the region where: — Thin and thick filaments overlap
34. Muscle fatigue is often associated with the accumulation of which metabolic byproduct? — Lactic acid
35. Which bones form the pectoral girdle? — Clavicle and scapula
36. What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the entire skeletal muscle? — Epimysium
37. Which joint allows for flexion and extension, like in the fingers and toes? — Hinge joint
38. What is the process by which a muscle fiber shortens? — Contraction
39. Which part of a muscle cell contains the sarcoplasmic reticulum? — Sarcoplasm
40. What is the functional unit of muscle contraction? — Sarcomere
41. What is the term for the invagination of the sarcolemma that carries the action potential deep into the muscle fiber? — T-tubule
42. Which of the following is NOT a component of the axial skeleton? — Limb bones
43. Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by voluntary control and striations? — Skeletal muscle
44. Which ion is crucial for initiating muscle contraction by binding to troponin? — Calcium (Ca2+)
45. The sliding filament theory explains muscle contraction by the: — Shortening of individual sarcomeres
46. Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle? — Unstriated, involuntary, and uninucleated
47. The connection between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber is called the: — Neuromuscular junction
48. The 'all-or-none' principle in muscle contraction refers to: — The response of a single muscle fiber to a stimulus
49. What is the main function of tropomyosin in muscle contraction? — To block the myosin-binding sites on actin
50. What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction? — To detach myosin heads from actin and energize them
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