Microbes in human welfare - fermentation industry, antibiotics, biogas, sewage treatment - One Line Questions

1. The 'secondary sludge' from the activated sludge process can be used as: — Fertilizer
2. The antibiotic 'erythromycin' is derived from which group of microorganisms? — Actinomycetes
3. Which group of microorganisms is essential for the anaerobic digestion of organic matter to produce biogas? — Methanogens
4. In the context of biogas production, 'methanogens' are: — Anaerobic bacteria that produce methane
5. The 'Gobar Gas' plant utilizes: — Anaerobic digestion of cattle dung
6. In a biogas plant, the slurry of dung is mixed with water and then subjected to: — Anaerobic digestion
7. The 'digester' in a biogas plant is designed for: — Anaerobic digestion
8. Which of the following is a notable use of *Bacillus thuringiensis*? — Biopesticide
9. Which fungus is used to produce the antibiotic penicillin? — Penicillium chrysogenum
10. Which fungus is commonly used to produce the enzyme glucoamylase? — Aspergillus niger
11. The beverage 'Toddy' is traditionally fermented using: — Yeast from palm sap
12. Which of the following is NOT a product of fermentation used in food industry? — Pasteurized milk
13. Biogas is a mixture primarily composed of: —
14. The term 'biopesticides' refers to pesticides derived from: — Microorganisms
15. The primary goal of sewage treatment is to reduce the: — Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
16. Which is the primary organism used in the industrial production of ethanol for fuel and beverages? — Saccharomyces cerevisiae
17. The process of removing suspended solids from sewage in the primary treatment stage is called: — Sedimentation
18. Which of the following is a common application of 'Single Cell Protein' (SCP)? — Food supplement for humans and livestock
19. Which of the following is an example of a fermented dairy product? — Yogurt
20. The primary role of microbes in sewage treatment is to: — Decompose organic matter
21. Which microbe is used in the production of citric acid? — Aspergillus niger
22. The characteristic holes in Swiss cheese are due to the production of gas by which bacterium? — Propionibacterium shermanii
23. Which enzyme, produced by microbes, is used to break down starch in industries? — Amylase
24. The antibiotic 'streptomycin' was discovered by: — Selman Waksman
25. In biogas production, the initial breakdown of complex organic matter into simpler compounds is carried out by: — Acidogenic bacteria
26. Which of the following is a common example of a fermented beverage? — Beer
27. Which of the following gases is produced in significant amounts during the anaerobic digestion in a biogas plant? — Carbon dioxide
28. The 'sludge digester' in a sewage treatment plant primarily facilitates: — Anaerobic digestion of sludge
29. The term 'BOD' (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) in sewage treatment refers to the amount of: — Oxygen required by aerobic decomposers to break down organic matter
30. Which antibiotic is produced by an actinomycete, *Streptomyces griseus*? — Streptomycin
31. Which of the following is a broad-spectrum antibiotic? — Tetracycline
32. Which antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit? — Tetracycline
33. The antibiotic 'tetracycline' is produced by: — Streptomyces aureofaciens
34. The antibiotic 'chloramphenicol' was originally isolated from: — Streptomyces venezuelae
35. The process of removing dissolved organic matter and suspended solids in sewage treatment is mainly achieved by: — Biological decomposition
36. The 'trickling filter' is a method used in which stage of sewage treatment? — Secondary treatment
37. What is the main function of the secondary treatment stage in sewage processing? — Decomposition of dissolved organic matter
38. The process by which yeast converts sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide is called: — Fermentation
39. Which organism is used to produce 'tempeh', a fermented soybean food? — Rhizopus oligosporus
40. Which microbe is used in the production of soy sauce? — Aspergillus oryzae
41. Which bacterium is primarily used in the production of yogurt from milk? — Lactobacillus species
42. Which organism is widely used as a 'single-cell protein' (SCP) source? — Saccharomyces cerevisiae
43. Which microbe is responsible for the characteristic flavour and aroma of cheese? — Propionibacterium shermanii
44. The process of converting organic matter into simpler inorganic substances by microbes is called: — Decomposition
45. Alexander Fleming is credited with the discovery of which antibiotic? — Penicillin
46. Which of the following antibiotics inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis? — Penicillin
47. Which of the following is a common source for producing antibiotics? — Fungi
48. Which type of microorganism is primarily responsible for the production of enzymes like amylase and lipase used in industries? — Bacteria and Fungi
49. The 'activated sludge' in sewage treatment is rich in: — Aerobic bacteria and protozoa
50. In the activated sludge process of sewage treatment, flocs are formed by: — Bacteria and fungal filaments
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