Microbiology and Applied Zoology - One Line Questions

1. What is biopesticide? — A pesticide derived from natural materials like animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals
2. The process of introducing a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen to stimulate an immune response is called: — Immunization
3. Which application of applied zoology involves the study and management of fish populations for commercial or recreational purposes? — Aquaculture
4. Which application of applied zoology concerns the study and management of bees, particularly for honey production and pollination? — Apiculture
5. Which of the following is a common method for sterilizing heat-sensitive medical equipment? — Ethylene oxide gas sterilization
6. Mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations between fungi and: — Plant roots
7. What is the general term for diseases caused by fungi? — Mycoses
8. The process of using living organisms to remove pollutants from the environment is known as: — Bioremediation
9. Which of the following is a beneficial role of microorganisms in food production? — Fermentation for products like yogurt and cheese
10. What is the primary target of the antibiotic penicillin? — Cell wall synthesis
11. What is the main component of a bacterial cell wall that provides structural support and protection? — Peptidoglycan
12. Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic disease? — Rabies
13. Which component of a Gram stain procedure is used to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria? — Decolorizer (e.g., alcohol)
14. The term 'emerging infectious disease' refers to: — Diseases that are newly evolving or have recently appeared in a population
15. What is the primary function of ribosomes in a bacterial cell? — Protein synthesis
16. Which organism is a single-celled eukaryote known for its use in baking and brewing? — Saccharomyces cerevisiae
17. What is the function of plasmids in bacteria? — Small, circular DNA molecules that often carry genes for antibiotic resistance
18. What is the process called when a virus takes over the machinery of a host cell to replicate itself? — Replication cycle
19. Which technique is used to amplify specific segments of DNA? — Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
20. What is lyophilization, a common technique used in microbiology? — Freeze-drying
21. Which applied zoology field focuses on the study and management of birds? — Ornithology
22. Which field of applied zoology deals with the study and control of insects that affect human health and agriculture? — Entomology
23. The ability of a microorganism to cause disease is termed: — Pathogenicity
24. Which of the following diseases is caused by a prion? — Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
25. What is the significance of the enzyme 'reverse transcriptase' in virology? — It synthesizes DNA from an RNA template
26. The process by which a bacterial cell divides into two identical daughter cells is called: — Binary fission
27. The study of viruses is called: — Virology
28. The study of protozoa is called: — Protozoology
29. The process by which microorganisms convert organic matter into simpler substances, often in the absence of oxygen, is known as: — Fermentation
30. Which of the following is a type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit? — Mutualism
31. Which type of microscopy uses a beam of electrons to create a magnified image of a specimen, allowing for much higher resolution than light microscopy? — Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
32. What is the primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem? — Breaking down dead organic material
33. What is the term for a microorganism that thrives in extremely hot environments? — Thermophile
34. Which term describes microorganisms that can live and grow in environments with high salt concentrations? — Halophiles
35. What is the term for a virus that infects bacteria? — Bacteriophage
36. Which enzyme is crucial for DNA replication and is often targeted by antiviral drugs? — DNA polymerase
37. Who is often referred to as the 'Father of Microbiology' for his groundbreaking work on pasteurization and the germ theory of disease? — Louis Pasteur
38. Which type of vaccine uses a whole, but weakened, pathogen? — Live-attenuated vaccine
39. What role do nitrogen-fixing bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle? — They convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3).
40. Which of the following is a common vector for transmitting diseases like malaria and dengue fever? — Mosquito
41. What is the purpose of a selective medium in microbiology? — To inhibit the growth of unwanted bacteria while allowing desired ones to grow
42. What is the role of bacteriophages in microbiology? — To infect and replicate within bacteria
43. What is the function of an autoclave in a microbiology lab? — To sterilize equipment and media using steam under pressure
44. What is the purpose of staining in microscopy? — To increase contrast and visibility of cellular structures
45. What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune system? — To neutralize or mark pathogens for destruction
46. Which type of microscopy is commonly used to view the surface details of a specimen by scanning a beam of electrons across it? — Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
47. Which disease is transmitted by the bacterium *Yersinia pestis*, carried by fleas on rodents? — Plague
48. What is an example of bioremediation? — Using microorganisms to clean up oil spills
49. The study of fungi is known as: — Mycology
50. What is the key difference between a virus and a bacterium? — Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, bacteria can be free-living.
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