Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering - One Line Questions

1. How many possible codons are there in the genetic code? — 64
2. What is gene therapy? — An experimental treatment that aims to treat or cure disease by modifying a person's genes
3. Which base pairs with Guanine (G) in DNA? — Cytosine (C)
4. What are the four nucleotide bases found in DNA? — Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
5. What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)? — An organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques
6. The genetic code is read in triplets of nucleotides called: — Codons
7. What is the primary function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)? — Catalyzing peptide bond formation and forming ribosome structure
8. What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA)? — Transporting specific amino acids to the ribosome
9. What is the fundamental unit of heredity? — Gene
10. A small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA molecule found in bacteria, often used in genetic engineering, is called a: — Plasmid
11. Which molecule is responsible for carrying genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells? — mRNA
12. What is the name of the enzyme that synthesizes RNA during transcription? — RNA polymerase
13. Which enzyme is commonly used to cut DNA at specific recognition sites in genetic engineering? — Restriction enzyme
14. CRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary technology primarily used for: — Gene editing
15. What is recombinant DNA? — DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms
16. What is the term for a segment of DNA that does not code for proteins but can regulate gene expression? — Regulatory DNA
17. What is a segment of DNA that codes for a functional product, usually a protein? — Gene
18. What are the non-coding regions within a gene that are removed during RNA splicing? — Introns
19. Which technology allows for the modification of genes in living organisms to change their characteristics? — Genetic modification
20. The technique used to amplify specific segments of DNA is known as: — Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
21. What is the process of determining the precise sequence of nucleotides within a DNA molecule? — DNA sequencing
22. The process of modifying the expression of genes without altering the underlying DNA sequence is known as: — Epigenetics
23. What is the term for the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism? — Genome
24. What is the study of the structure and function of proteins? — Proteomics
25. Which base pairs with Adenine (A) in DNA? — Thymine (T)
26. In RNA, which base pairs with Adenine (A)? — Uracil (U)
27. What does the 'Cas9' component in the CRISPR-Cas9 system do? — Cuts DNA at a targeted location
28. Which of the following is a potential ethical concern related to genetic engineering? — Unforeseen ecological impacts
29. Which of the following is a common application of genetic engineering in agriculture? — All of the above
30. Which type of mutation involves the substitution of a single nucleotide base? — Point mutation
31. What are the coding regions within a gene that are expressed in the final mRNA molecule? — Exons
32. What is the primary application of PCR in molecular biology? — Amplifying small quantities of DNA
33. Which of the following is a type of RNA that plays a role in regulating gene expression by silencing mRNA molecules? — siRNA (small interfering RNA)
34. The process where genes are transferred from one generation to the next is called: — Heredity
35. The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template is called: — Transcription
36. The process of synthesizing protein from an mRNA template is called: — Translation
37. What is a change in the DNA sequence called? — Mutation
38. What is the process of joining DNA fragments together using an enzyme? — Ligation
39. Which molecule carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses? — Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
40. What is the name of the enzyme that synthesizes DNA during replication? — DNA polymerase
41. A mutation that alters the reading frame of the mRNA sequence is called a: — Frameshift mutation
42. In the context of molecular biology, what does 'gene expression' refer to? — The process of synthesizing RNA from DNA and then protein from RNA
43. What is genetic engineering? — The direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology
44. What is the role of guide RNA (gRNA) in the CRISPR-Cas9 system? — To direct the Cas9 enzyme to the target DNA sequence
45. What is the main goal of DNA fingerprinting? — To identify unique patterns of DNA for forensic or diagnostic purposes
46. What is the primary role of a promoter region in a gene? — To signal the start of transcription
47. The process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA is called: — Replication
48. What is the process of inserting foreign DNA into a host cell called? — Transformation
49. What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA)? — Carrying the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome
50. Which codon typically signals the start of protein synthesis? — AUG
All One Line Questions
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