Network models: OSI and TCP-IP, switching and routing, IPv4-IPv6, ARP, TCP-UDP, flow and congestion control. - One Line Questions

1. What is the hexadecimal representation of a simplified IPv6 address? — 2001:db8::1
2. Which of the following is a valid IPv4 address? — 172.16.31.5
3. What is the size of an IPv4 address? — 32 bits
4. What is the size of an IPv6 address? — 128 bits
5. What is a 'datagram' in the context of networking? — A unit of data in connectionless network layer protocols like UDP
6. Which OSI layer is responsible for managing sessions between applications? — Session Layer
7. Which switching technique is more efficient for bursty traffic as it does not require a dedicated path? — Packet Switching
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of UDP? — Low overhead
9. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for the physical transmission of data bits over a communication medium? — Physical Layer
10. The Internet Layer in the TCP/IP model is equivalent to which OSI layer? — Network Layer
11. Which protocol is responsible for mapping an IP address to a physical MAC address on a local network? — ARP
12. What is the primary function of the Data Link Layer in the OSI model? — Error detection and correction on the link
13. Congestion control in networks aims to: — Prevent the network itself from becoming overloaded with too much traffic
14. Link State Routing protocols, like OSPF, allow routers to: — Have a complete map of the network topology
15. UDP is often used for applications like: — Domain Name System (DNS) and streaming media
16. TCP establishes a connection using a process called: — Three-way handshake
17. In packet switching, data is divided into small units called: — Packets
18. The slow start mechanism in TCP is used to: — Gradually increase the sending rate at the beginning of a connection
19. What is the primary motivation for the development of IPv6? — Larger address space to overcome IPv4 exhaustion
20. Which of the following is a common strategy for TCP congestion control? — Reducing the sending rate when packet loss is detected
21. In the TCP/IP model, which layer corresponds to the OSI Physical and Data Link layers? — Network Access Layer
22. Which type of routing protocol is characterized by routers advertising their entire routing table to their neighbors? — Distance Vector Routing
23. What does a router primarily use to make forwarding decisions? — IP addresses
24. The Presentation Layer of the OSI model is primarily concerned with: — Data encryption and compression
25. Which layer in the TCP/IP model provides end-to-end reliable or unreliable data transfer? — Transport Layer
26. Which layer is responsible for multiplexing and demultiplexing data from multiple applications onto a single network connection? — Transport Layer
27. What type of switching is used in traditional telephone networks where a dedicated path is established for the duration of a call? — Circuit Switching
28. The concept of 'frames' is primarily associated with which OSI layer? — Data Link Layer
29. The Application Layer in the TCP/IP model combines functionalities of which OSI layers? — Session, Presentation, and Application
30. Which of the following is NOT a function of the Transport Layer? — Routing
31. Which layer of the OSI model provides network services directly to the end-user applications? — Application Layer
32. The Transport Layer in the OSI model is primarily concerned with: — Reliable end-to-end data transfer
33. Which mechanism is commonly used by TCP for flow control? — Sliding window
34. Which OSI layer is responsible for data formatting, encryption, and compression? — Presentation Layer
35. Which routing method involves each router independently calculating the best path based on its knowledge of the network? — Distance Vector Routing
36. What is the main difference between switching and routing? — Switching forwards frames within a local network, routing forwards packets between networks.
37. Which protocol is used by TCP to inform the sender about received data and acknowledge successful transmission? — ACK
38. Which transport layer protocol is connectionless and provides faster, but less reliable, data transmission? — UDP
39. Which protocol operates at the Network Layer and is used for error reporting and diagnostics? — ICMP
40. When a host wants to send a packet to another host on the same local network, it uses ARP to find the destination MAC address. What happens if the MAC address is not in the ARP cache? — The host sends an ARP request broadcast
41. The 'window size' in TCP refers to: — The maximum amount of unacknowledged data allowed in transit
42. What does the sliding window mechanism in TCP allow? — The sender to send multiple packets before receiving an acknowledgment
43. What is the purpose of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)? — To resolve a Layer 3 address (IP) to a Layer 2 address (MAC)
44. What is the primary goal of routing in a network? — To determine the best path for packets to travel
45. What is the primary role of the Network Layer? — To provide logical addressing and routing of packets across networks
46. What is the purpose of the Time-To-Live (TTL) field in an IP packet? — To limit the lifespan of a packet in the network to prevent infinite loops
47. What is the main purpose of flow control in network communication? — To prevent a fast sender from overwhelming a slow receiver
48. What is the 'three-way handshake' in TCP primarily for? — To establish a connection and synchronize sequence numbers
49. Which layer of the OSI model handles logical addressing and routing of packets? — Network Layer
50. In the context of TCP/IP, which layer is responsible for translating domain names into IP addresses? — Application Layer
All One Line Questions
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