Neural control and coordination - neuron structure nerve impulse transmission reflex action - One Line Questions

1. The depolarization phase of an action potential reaches a peak of about: — +30 mV
2. The resting membrane potential is approximately: — -70 mV
3. What is the consequence of a stimulus that is subthreshold for a neuron? — No action potential is generated.
4. The 'all-or-none' principle of nerve impulse transmission means that: — A neuron fires to its maximum capacity or not at all
5. What is a reflex action? — An involuntary, rapid, and automatic response to a stimulus
6. The refractory period ensures that: — An action potential travels in one direction and prevents summation of impulses
7. The sodium-potassium pump is crucial for maintaining the concentration gradients of ions across the neuron membrane, requiring: — ATP
8. The cell body of a neuron is also called the: — Soma
9. Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus and major organelles? — Cell body (Soma)
10. Which part of a neuron receives signals from other neurons? — Dendrites
11. The space between the presynaptic terminal and the postsynaptic membrane is called the: — Synaptic cleft
12. The 'trigger zone' for generating an action potential in a neuron is the: — Axon hillock
13. The propagation of an action potential along an axon is a form of: — Electrical signaling
14. The process by which neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft is important for: — Allowing the postsynaptic neuron to repolarize
15. A drug that blocks the reuptake of a neurotransmitter would likely: — Increase the concentration and effect of the neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft
16. The long projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body is called the: — Axon
17. When a postsynaptic neuron receives an inhibitory neurotransmitter, it causes: — Hyperpolarization
18. The effector in a reflex arc is responsible for: — Carrying out the response
19. The sensory neuron transmits the impulse from the receptor to the: — Central nervous system (spinal cord or brainstem)
20. The transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse is typically mediated by: — Chemical neurotransmitters
21. Which of the following is a common excitatory neurotransmitter? — Acetylcholine
22. The role of the interneuron in a polysynaptic reflex arc is to: — Integrate signals and modulate the motor output
23. Which of the following is a common inhibitory neurotransmitter? — Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
24. In the knee-jerk reflex, the sensory neuron directly synapses with the: — Motor neuron
25. Withdrawal reflexes, like pulling your hand away from a hot object, are examples of: — Polysynaptic reflexes
26. Which component of a reflex arc detects the stimulus? — Receptor
27. What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system? — Neuron
28. The pathway followed by a nerve impulse during a reflex action is called a: — Reflex arc
29. What is the insulating layer around the axon of many neurons? — Myelin sheath
30. Gaps in the myelin sheath along an axon are known as: — Nodes of Ranvier
31. Which glial cells form the myelin sheath in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)? — Schwann cells
32. An interneuron, also known as a relay neuron, is typically found in the: — Central nervous system
33. The knee-jerk reflex (patellar reflex) is an example of a: — Monosynaptic reflex
34. During the generation of an action potential, which ion channels open first, leading to depolarization? — Sodium channels
35. Neurotransmitters are released from the: — Presynaptic terminal
36. What is the primary function of the axon terminal? — Release neurotransmitters
37. The motor neuron transmits the impulse from the CNS to the: — Effector (muscle or gland)
38. The rapid influx of sodium ions into the neuron causes: — Depolarization
39. Which glial cells form the myelin sheath in the Central Nervous System (CNS)? — Oligodendrocytes
40. Which type of neuron transmits information from the CNS to effectors? — Motor neuron
41. Which of the following is NOT a primary neurotransmitter involved in human neural function? — Melatonin
42. Which ion is primarily responsible for the resting membrane potential of a neuron? —
43. Hyperpolarization occurs when: — Potassium ions leave the cell excessively
44. What happens during repolarization of a neuron? — Potassium ions rush out of the cell
45. What is the junction between two neurons called? — Synapse
46. The process of summation in neurons refers to: — The summing of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
47. Which statement best describes the role of receptors in a reflex arc? — They convert stimulus energy into electrical signals.
48. A simple reflex arc typically involves how many neurons? — Two (sensory and motor)
49. Saltatory conduction, which speeds up nerve impulse transmission, occurs in: — Myelinated axons
50. Which reflex is primarily involved in maintaining balance and posture? — Stretch reflex
All One Line Questions
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