Non‑aqueous solvents, molten salts, ionic liquids and supercritical fluids - One Line Questions

1. Ionic liquids (ILs) are defined as salts that are liquid at temperatures below: — 100°C
2. Ionic liquids can be synthesized from a combination of: — An organic cation and an inorganic anion
3. Molten salts are ionic compounds that are liquid at temperatures: — At or above their melting point
4. The 'green' aspect of ionic liquids is primarily due to their: — Negligible vapor pressure
5. Supercritical fluids are substances that exist at a temperature and pressure above their: — Critical point
6. The tunability of ionic liquids refers to their ability to: — Be synthesized with specific properties
7. The use of molten salts in nuclear reactors is primarily for: — Coolant and fuel carrier
8. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a non-aqueous solvent? — Often exhibits a high dielectric constant
9. Protophilic solvents are characterized by their ability to: — Accept protons
10. Supercritical water can be used for: — Waste treatment and oxidation
11. Which of the following is NOT a typical application of supercritical fluids? — Use as a lubricant in high-temperature engines
12. Aprotic polar solvents are characterized by: — High dielectric constants and the absence of hydrogen bonding
13. What is a key characteristic of ionic liquids that makes them 'green' solvents? — Low vapor pressure
14. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is often favored for extraction processes due to its: — Low toxicity and non-flammability
15. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using supercritical fluids? — High operating pressures required
16. Which property of supercritical fluids allows for easy separation from extracted solutes? — Reducing pressure to gas phase
17. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) uses a supercritical fluid as the mobile phase. This offers advantages such as: — Fast separation speeds
18. Which property of ionic liquids allows them to dissolve a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds? — Tunable solvating power
19. The high temperatures required for molten salts can be a disadvantage due to: — Material compatibility issues
20. The ability of a solvent to undergo autoionization is important for: — Its behavior in acid-base chemistry
21. The solvating power of a supercritical fluid can be altered by changing: — Pressure and temperature
22. Which of the following is an example of a protogenic solvent? — Acetic acid
23. Which solvent system is often used for dissolving metal oxides? — Molten salts
24. Which property of molten salts makes them suitable for high-temperature reactions? — High thermal stability
25. Molten salts typically exhibit: — High electrical conductivity
26. What is a major advantage of using molten salts as solvents? — Wide liquid range
27. Which property of a solvent is crucial for its ability to dissolve ionic compounds? — High dielectric constant
28. When comparing supercritical fluids to their gaseous state at the same temperature, supercritical fluids generally have: — Higher solvating power
29. Which of the following is a good example of an amphiprotic solvent? — All of the above
30. Which molten salt system is widely studied for its use in solar thermal energy storage? — NaNO3-KNO3
31. The term 'ionic liquid' refers to a substance that is liquid below 100°C and consists entirely of: — Ions
32. Amphiprotic solvents are those that: — Can both donate and accept protons
33. Which of the following is a common application of molten salt solvents? — Electrochemistry and energy storage
34. Aprotic solvents lack: — Hydrogen bonding capability
35. Which property makes ionic liquids suitable for use as electrolytes? — Good ionic conductivity
36. Which factor is LEAST important in classifying non-aqueous solvents? — Viscosity
37. Liquid ammonia (NH3) is an example of which type of non-aqueous solvent? — Protophilic
38. Which solvent class can both donate and accept protons? — Amphiprotic
39. Water is an example of which type of non-aqueous solvent? — Amphiprotic
40. Consider the autoionization of a solvent: 2SH <=> SH2+ + S-. The solvent is: — Amphiprotic
41. Which type of non-aqueous solvent is characterized by its ability to accept protons? — Protogenic solvents
42. Which of the following is a typical cation found in ionic liquids? — Imidazolium ion
43. Supercritical fluids exhibit properties intermediate between: — Liquids and gases
44. Anions commonly found in ionic liquids include: — Hexafluorophosphate ([PF6]-)
45. Which of the following solvents is considered aprotic? — Dimethylformamide (DMF)
46. What is the most common supercritical fluid used in industrial applications? — Supercritical carbon dioxide
47. The critical point of a substance is: — The unique temperature and pressure above which it cannot be liquefied
48. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using protogenic solvents? — They can cause degradation of acid-sensitive compounds
49. What is the primary reason for using non-aqueous solvents in chemical reactions? — To achieve solubility of specific reactants or products
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