Ocean hazards: tsunamis and cyclone impacts on coasts. - One Line Questions

1. A 'tsunami warning' typically indicates that: — A tsunami has been detected and is expected to impact the coast
2. Geological evidence of past tsunamis on coastlines includes: — Uprooted trees and marine deposits inland
3. Which ocean basin experiences the most frequent and significant tsunami activity? — Pacific Ocean
4. Which of the following is a critical component of effective tsunami preparedness in coastal communities? — Developing and practicing evacuation plans
5. Which of the following is NOT a common impact of a tsunami on coastal environments? — Increased biodiversity
6. What atmospheric condition is essential for the formation of tropical cyclones? —
7. What is the term for a tropical cyclone that forms in the Northwest Pacific Ocean? — Typhoon
8. What is the term used to describe the sudden withdrawal of the sea before a tsunami wave arrives? — Drawback
9. What is the primary hazard associated with the 'eye' of a cyclone? — Calm weather and potential for deceptive security
10. Which of the following is a significant impact of cyclones on coastal areas? — Inundation and flooding due to storm surge
11. Which of the following impacts of cyclones is primarily related to changes in atmospheric pressure? — Strong winds
12. The destructive power of a tsunami is primarily due to its: — Immense volume of water and momentum
13. What is the main reason cyclones weaken when they move over land? — Loss of their energy source (warm, moist air)
14. What impact can tsunamis have on freshwater resources near the coast? — Salinization of groundwater and aquifers
15. Which of the following is a significant socio-economic impact of both tsunamis and cyclones on coastal regions? — Disruption of livelihoods and displacement of populations
16. The 'Ring of Fire' is a region known for frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity. How does this relate to tsunamis? — It is the primary source of tsunamis due to tectonic plate movement
17. Which of the following coastal features is most vulnerable to erosion by cyclone-induced waves and storm surge? — Low-lying sandy barrier islands
18. What is the typical wave height of a tsunami in the deep ocean? — Less than 1 meter
19. Which of these factors exacerbates the impact of storm surges on coastlines? — Steep continental shelf
20. Which international warning system is designed to detect tsunamis and alert coastal communities? — All of the above
21. The 'storm tide' is the combination of storm surge and: — Normal high tide
22. The Coriolis effect plays a crucial role in the rotation of cyclones. In which hemisphere do cyclones rotate clockwise? — Southern Hemisphere
23. Which seismic wave is most responsible for generating tsunamis? — P-waves (Primary waves)
24. Which of the following is a long-term consequence of severe cyclone impacts on coastal ecosystems? — Habitat destruction and loss of biodiversity
25. Which scale is commonly used to classify the intensity of hurricanes based on wind speed? — Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale
26. Which of the following coastal landforms offers the most natural protection against storm surges and tsunamis? — Mangrove forests
27. The term 'tsunami' is of Japanese origin, meaning: — Harbor wave
28. The 'tsunami earthquake' is a term used for earthquakes that are particularly efficient at generating tsunamis. What characteristic do they typically possess? — Shallow focus and large magnitude
29. What is the primary energy source that fuels a tropical cyclone? — Latent heat released from condensation of water vapor
30. What is the term for a rapid, wave-like surge of water that moves up a river or narrow bay, often caused by the incoming tide or a distant tsunami? — Tidal bore
31. Which type of fault movement is most likely to cause a tsunami? — Reverse fault (thrust fault)
32. What is the typical wavelength of a tsunami in the deep ocean? — Hundreds of kilometers
33. The 'eyewall' of a cyclone contains: — The strongest winds and heaviest precipitation
34. Which part of a cyclone is characterized by spiral bands of thunderstorms and heavy rain extending outwards from the center? — Rainbands
35. The impact of a tsunami's 'drawback' refers to: — The subsequent recession of water from the coast
36. The devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was primarily triggered by an earthquake in which region? — The Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone
37. What is 'storm surge' in the context of cyclones? — An abnormal rise of sea level and high tides
38. The 'wind shear' within a cyclone refers to: — The change in wind speed and/or direction with height
39. The 'eye' of a cyclone is characterized by: — Calm conditions and clear skies
40. The 'wave period' of a tsunami refers to: — The time it takes for one complete wave to pass a point
41. The speed of a tsunami wave in the ocean is primarily determined by: — The ocean depth
42. Tsunami waves are often described as 'walls of water' because: — They surge inland with significant force and height
43. What is the term for a very large, destructive wave, often caused by factors other than seismic activity, such as underwater landslides or volcanic collapses? — Tsunami
44. What is the term for the cyclical rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun? — Tide
45. What is the term for a localized, oscillating wave motion within a body of water, often caused by seismic activity or wind, that can be amplified in enclosed or semi-enclosed basins? — Seiche
46. What is a 'cyclone' commonly known as in the North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific Oceans? — Hurricane
47. What is the primary cause of most tsunamis? — Underwater earthquakes
48. As a tsunami approaches shallow coastal waters, what happens to its wave height and speed? — Wave height increases, speed decreases
49. What is the term for the initial surge of water associated with a tsunami that moves inland? — Inundation
50. The energy of a tsunami wave is distributed throughout the entire water column, from the surface to the seafloor. This is a key difference from: — Wind-driven waves
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