Plant-water relations - water potential transpiration ascent of sap - One Line Questions

1. If the solute potential (Ψs) of a cell is -0.7 MPa and the pressure potential (Ψp) is +0.4 MPa, what is the water potential (Ψw) of the cell? — -0.3 MPa
2. The movement of water into a plant cell from a hypotonic solution is driven by: — A higher water potential inside the cell
3. Water moves from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential. This statement describes: — Osmosis
4. The upward movement of water in the xylem is a process of: — Bulk flow
5. The process by which water moves into a plant root from the soil is primarily driven by: — A difference in water potential
6. Xylem vessels are composed of dead cells and are essentially hollow tubes. This structural feature facilitates: — Unimpeded bulk flow of water
7. The movement of water from the soil into the root xylem can occur via the symplast and apoplast pathways. Which pathway involves movement through the cytoplasm of cells? — Symplast pathway
8. The movement of water from one cell to another through plasmodesmata is part of the: — Symplast pathway
9. The rate of transpiration is directly proportional to: — Wind speed
10. Which of the following is a major component of the apoplast pathway? — Cell walls and intercellular spaces
11. During heavy rainfall, the water potential of the soil generally: — Increases significantly
12. The phenomenon where water moves across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration is called: — Osmosis
13. The phenomenon of guttation is most likely to occur: — At night or early morning when transpiration is low
14. The loss of water vapour from aerial parts of plants, primarily through stomata, is known as: — Transpiration
15. Which term describes the outward movement of water in liquid form from plant surfaces, mainly through stomata? — Transpiration
16. Root pressure can contribute to the ascent of sap, especially under conditions of: — High humidity and low transpiration
17. The main driving force for the movement of water into root hairs from the soil is: — Lower solute concentration in root hair cells
18. Plasmolysis occurs when a plant cell is placed in a solution that is: — Hypertonic
19. A decrease in turgor pressure in a plant cell leads to: — Wilting
20. Which of the following is a consequence of excessive transpiration? — Wilting
21. If a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will move: — Out of the cell
22. If a plant cell has a water potential of -0.5 MPa and its surrounding solution has a water potential of -0.2 MPa, water will move: — Out of the cell
23. Cohesion refers to the attraction between water molecules due to: — Hydrogen bonds
24. A plant cell with a negative solute potential and a positive pressure potential indicates: — It is turgid
25. What is the role of tension in the ascent of sap according to the Cohesion-Tension Theory? — It pulls water up from the leaves.
26. Adding a solute to pure water will cause the solute potential (Ψs) to become: — More negative
27. The 'Cohesion-Tension Theory' explains the mechanism of: — Ascent of sap
28. When a plant is under water stress, stomata tend to: — Close
29. Adhesion, in the context of water transport in plants, refers to the attraction between water molecules and: — The walls of the xylem vessels
30. Which of the following is a characteristic of xylem tissue that aids in water transport? — Lignified, hollow vessels and tracheids
31. Which component of water potential is always zero or negative in a plant cell? — Solute potential (Ψs)
32. Which of the following structures in the root is primarily responsible for water absorption from the soil? — Root hairs
33. The primary driving force for transpiration is: — Atmospheric humidity and temperature
34. Which phenomenon is responsible for the 'negative pressure' or 'pull' in the xylem that draws water upwards? — Transpiration
35. Stomata are pores that regulate gas exchange and transpiration. They are typically found on: — Leaves and stems
36. The potential difference that drives water movement across a semipermeable membrane is the difference in: — Water potential
37. What is the term for the potential energy of water per unit volume due to pressure? — Pressure potential
38. In a turgid plant cell, which component of water potential is significantly positive? — Pressure potential (Ψp)
39. The water potential of a cell is determined by the sum of its: — Pressure potential and solute potential
40. What is the role of guard cells in transpiration? — They regulate the opening and closing of stomata.
41. The Casparian strip in the endodermis forces water entering via the apoplast pathway to switch to the symplast pathway. What is its function? — To regulate the entry of solutes into the xylem
42. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids in the ascent of sap? — Active pumping by xylem vessels
43. Guttation is the loss of water in liquid form from plant parts, often seen as droplets on leaf margins. It occurs when: — Root pressure exceeds transpiration pull
44. What is the primary function of xylem in plants? — Transport of water and minerals
45. What is the term for the pressure exerted by the cell wall against the protoplast of a plant cell? — Turgor pressure
46. When stomata close, transpiration rate decreases, but this also affects: — All of the above
47. Which of the following factors does NOT significantly affect the rate of transpiration? —
48. The water potential of pure water at standard temperature and pressure is defined as: — Zero
49. The pressure potential (Ψp) in a turgid plant cell is typically: — Positive
50. What is the symbol commonly used to represent water potential? — Ψ
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