Poverty, inequality and unemployment. - One Line Questions

1. The World Bank's poverty line is currently set at approximately what amount per day in 2011 PPP dollars? — $1.90
2. Which of the following is an example of cyclical unemployment? — A construction worker losing his job during an economic recession
3. Which of the following is a primary cause of structural unemployment? — A mismatch between the skills of workers and the skills demanded by employers
4. The Rangarajan Committee (2014) suggested a poverty line based on: — A minimum consumption basket of food and non-food items
5. The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income or wealth distribution of a nation's residents, and is named after: — Corrado Gini
6. The 'working poor' are individuals who: — Are employed but earn wages insufficient to lift them out of poverty
7. The term 'underemployment' refers to: — Working in a job for which one is overqualified or working fewer hours than desired
8. The Tendulkar Committee (2009) proposed a new methodology for poverty estimation based on: — Calorie norms and the MRP method
9. The 'Kuznets Curve' hypothesis suggests that as an economy develops, inequality: — Initially increases and then decreases
10. The term 'hidden unemployment' is often used interchangeably with: — Disguised unemployment
11. Which of the following is a multidimensional measure of poverty developed by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI)? — Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
12. Which indicator measures the extent to which people fall below the poverty line? — Poverty Gap Index
13. Which of the following is NOT a dimension considered in the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)? — Income
14. Which of the following is a major cause of poverty in rural India? — Over-reliance on agriculture with low productivity and landlessness
15. Which of the following is a social consequence of poverty? — Higher crime rates and social instability
16. The 'Capability Approach' to poverty, advocated by Amartya Sen, focuses on: — The freedom and opportunities individuals have to achieve well-being
17. The 'Poverty Elimination Programme' launched by the Indian government aims to: — Reduce the number of people living below the poverty line
18. Which of the following is a consequence of high unemployment? — Social unrest and increased poverty
19. Which of the following is a policy measure to reduce poverty? — Implementing Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
20. Which of the following is a government initiative to promote financial inclusion and reduce poverty? — Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
21. The 'poverty trap' is a situation where: — Individuals are unable to escape poverty due to a lack of resources and opportunities
22. Which of the following is a characteristic of the informal sector employment in India? — Low wages, poor working conditions, and lack of job security
23. The 'Social Exclusion' approach to poverty emphasizes: — Lack of access to opportunities and participation in society
24. The concept of 'relative poverty' refers to: — Having an income significantly lower than the median income in a society
25. The 'urban poverty' in India is often associated with: — Lack of access to basic services and informal employment
26. The concept of 'human capital' is crucial in understanding unemployment because: — Low human capital can lead to lower employability
27. Disguised unemployment is most prevalent in which sector of the Indian economy? — Agriculture Sector
28. The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) is responsible for collecting data on: — Consumer Expenditure and Employment-Unemployment
29. The Rangarajan Committee's poverty line was higher than the Tendulkar Committee's because it included: — A broader basket of food and non-food items
30. The 'Multidimensional Poverty Index' (MPI) provides a more comprehensive picture of poverty than the income-based poverty line because it considers: — Deprivations across multiple dimensions like health, education, and living standards
31. The 'Poverty Line' in India is generally defined based on: — Per capita consumption expenditure
32. The Gini coefficient ranges from 0 to 1. A value of 0 represents: — Perfect equality
33. The 'double burden of poverty' refers to: — Poverty and inequality simultaneously
34. The concept of 'inter-generational poverty' refers to: — Poverty that persists across generations within a family
35. Which of the following schemes aims to provide guaranteed wage employment to rural households? — Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
36. Which of the following is a measure to address inequality in education? — Implementing reservation policies
37. Which of the following is a measure to combat unemployment? — Promoting skill development programs
38. Which of the following is a policy instrument to reduce income inequality? — Progressive taxation and wealth redistribution
39. The National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS) was established to: — Address the challenges faced by the informal sector
40. The concept of 'absolute poverty' is best described as: — Inability to meet basic survival needs
41. The problem of unemployment in India is largely characterized by: — High levels of disguised and underemployment
42. Which type of unemployment occurs when workers are between jobs or are searching for new employment opportunities? — Frictional Unemployment
43. Which type of unemployment is characterized by a temporary fall in demand for labor during certain periods of the year? — Seasonal Unemployment
44. Which committee recommended a shift from calorie-based poverty line to a minimum basic needs approach? — Dandekar and Rath Committee
45. Which committee in India recommended the concept of a 'poverty line' based on a minimum level of consumption? — Alagh Committee
46. The 'Headcount Ratio' (HCR) measures: — The proportion of the population living below the poverty line
47. The Lorenz curve is a graphical representation of: — The distribution of income or wealth
48. The 'Poverty Gap Index' (PGI) measures: — The depth of poverty
49. The concept of 'lump of labour' fallacy suggests that: — There is a fixed amount of work to be done, so more automation leads to more unemployment
50. Which factor significantly contributes to income inequality in India? — Skill-biased technological change and unequal access to education
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