NEET UG - Principles and processes of biotechnology - recombinant DNA technology, gene cloning One Line Questions & Answers

1. What is a 'stop codon' in the context of gene expression? — A codon that signals the termination of translation

2. What is a genomic library? — A collection of DNA fragments representing the entire genome of an organism

3. What is a cDNA library? — A library of DNA sequences representing the genes that are actively transcribed into mRNA

4. The 'recognition site' for a restriction enzyme is typically: — A palindromic sequence

5. Biolistics (gene gun) is a method used for introducing foreign DNA into: — Plant cells

6. What is a bacteriophage used for in gene cloning? — As a vector to deliver foreign DNA into bacteria

7. Which of the following is a method used to increase the efficiency of transformation in bacterial cells? — Heat shock or electroporation

8. Which of the following is a method for screening recombinant cells? — Blue-white screening

9. What is the process of separating DNA fragments based on their size using an electric current? — Gel electrophoresis

10. What is the term for a plasmid that has been engineered to contain a foreign gene and is used for cloning? — Recombinant plasmid

11. The amplification of specific DNA sequences in PCR occurs through repeated cycles of: — Denaturation, annealing, and extension

12. Which enzyme is responsible for removing RNA primers during DNA replication and is also used in some molecular cloning techniques? — DNA polymerase I

13. In the context of gene cloning, what does the term 'chimeric DNA' refer to? — DNA molecule composed of fragments from different sources

14. What is the process of inserting a gene of interest into a specific location in the genome called? — Gene targeting

15. What is the term for the process where a gene is inserted into a vector, and this vector is then introduced into a host cell for replication? — Gene cloning

16. What is the term for a DNA molecule that is capable of replicating independently of the host chromosome and is used as a vector? — Replicon

17. To overcome the challenge of introns, scientists often clone the gene's: — cDNA

18. What does the 'ampR' gene on a plasmid typically confer resistance to? — Antibiotics like ampicillin

19. Which of the following is NOT a basic step in recombinant DNA technology? — Cellular respiration

20. What is the primary advantage of using a shuttle vector in gene cloning? — It can replicate in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic host cells

21. What is the primary advantage of using Taq polymerase in PCR? — It is thermostable and can withstand high temperatures

22. Which enzymes are crucial for cutting DNA at specific recognition sites in recombinant DNA technology? — Restriction enzymes

23. When using restriction enzymes, what is the term for the enzyme that methylates DNA, often preventing the enzyme from cutting? — Methylase

24. Complementary DNA (cDNA) is synthesized from: — mRNA using reverse transcriptase

25. Which of the following is a key component of a recombinant DNA molecule? — DNA from two or more different organisms

26. What are 'sticky ends' in the context of restriction enzymes? — Overhanging single-stranded DNA sequences that can anneal with complementary sequences

27. What does PCR stand for? — Polymerase Chain Reaction

28. A palindromic sequence in DNA is one that: — Reads the same forwards and backwards on opposite strands

29. What enzyme is used in PCR to synthesize new DNA strands? — Taq polymerase

30. What is the main challenge in cloning a gene that is interrupted by introns in eukaryotes? — Prokaryotic host cells cannot splice introns

31. Which of the following is a common type of cloning vector? — Plasmid

32. What is the significance of the term 'competent' when referring to bacterial cells for transformation? — The cells are capable of taking up foreign DNA

33. What is a 'vector' in gene cloning? — A DNA molecule used to carry foreign genetic material into a host cell

34. What is gene cloning? — The process of creating multiple identical copies of a specific DNA fragment

35. Restriction enzymes that produce blunt ends are often used in gene cloning because: — They are easier to ligate

36. What is the purpose of using a linker in gene cloning? — To add a specific restriction site to a DNA fragment

37. What is the function of the 'ori' (origin of replication) sequence on a plasmid? — To initiate DNA replication

38. What is the purpose of the denaturation step in PCR? — To separate the double-stranded DNA into single strands

39. What is the function of DNA ligase in gene cloning? — To join DNA fragments together

40. What is the role of primers in PCR? — To provide a starting point for DNA synthesis

41. What is the role of a selectable marker gene in a cloning vector? — To allow identification of transformed cells

42. What is the primary goal of recombinant DNA technology? — To combine DNA from different sources to create a new DNA molecule

43. What is the primary application of creating a cDNA library? — To study genes that are actively expressed in a particular cell type or tissue

44. What is the function of a promoter in a gene cloning construct? — To initiate transcription

45. The process of introducing recombinant DNA into a bacterial cell is called: — Transformation

46. What is the process of introducing a plasmid into a plant cell called? — Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

47. Which type of restriction enzyme cuts at a specific recognition sequence and requires ATP for its activity? — Type I

48. Which of the following is a method for generating blunt ends from sticky ends? — Using a DNA polymerase with a proofreading activity

49. In blue-white screening, what indicates the presence of a recombinant plasmid? — White colonies

50. What is the term for a host cell that has successfully taken up the recombinant DNA? — Transformed cell

Principles and processes of biotechnology - recombinant DNA technology, gene cloning - One Line Questions