Purification techniques: crystallization sublimation distillation differential extraction chromatography and their applications - One Line Questions

1. In column chromatography, the stationary phase is typically a solid adsorbent packed into a tube. The mobile phase is: — A liquid or gas
2. Which of the following is NOT a type of chromatography? — Distillation Chromatography
3. Differential extraction relies on the difference in the ______ of the solute in two immiscible solvents. — Solubility
4. In partition chromatography, separation occurs based on the difference in the ______ of the solute between two immiscible liquid phases. — Partition coefficient
5. In Gas Chromatography (GC), the separation of components is based on their differences in: — Boiling points and interaction with the stationary phase
6. Which chromatography technique is often used for rapid qualitative analysis of reaction mixtures or purity checks? — Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
7. Which purification technique is most suitable for separating a volatile liquid from a non-volatile solid? — Distillation
8. Which purification technique is most suitable for separating components of a mixture based on their different affinities for the stationary and mobile phases? — Chromatography
9. Which purification method is generally NOT suitable for purifying ionic compounds? — Sublimation
10. A separatory funnel is used in which purification technique? — Differential extraction
11. Which purification technique is based on the difference in vapor pressure of components in a liquid mixture? — Distillation
12. Differential extraction is most effective when the solute has a significantly different ______ in the two solvents. — Partition coefficient
13. What is the principle behind crystallization as a purification technique? — Difference in solubility
14. When purifying a solid by crystallization, the ideal solvent should: — Dissolve the compound sparingly at low temperatures and well at high temperatures
15. Filtration is a technique used to separate: — Solid particles from a liquid or gas
16. Which purification method is based on the principle of selective adsorption? — Chromatography
17. Which purification technique is used to isolate compounds that are insoluble in a particular solvent? — Filtration
18. Which purification technique is suitable for separating an organic compound from water-soluble impurities if the compound itself is insoluble in water? — Filtration followed by washing
19. Which technique is used to separate a mixture of liquids with boiling points differing by more than 25°C? — Simple distillation
20. Which distillation technique is used to separate a volatile liquid from a non-volatile solid, or liquids with very large boiling point differences? — Simple distillation
21. Crystallization is generally most effective for purifying: — Solid organic compounds
22. Steam distillation is particularly useful for purifying compounds that are: — Decomposable at their boiling points
23. Crystallization works best when the desired compound is ______ soluble at room temperature and ______ soluble at higher temperatures. — Slightly; highly
24. Which of the following is a major advantage of chromatography over other purification techniques? — It can separate complex mixtures with closely related components.
25. Which of the following is a characteristic of the mobile phase in chromatography? — It moves through the stationary phase.
26. Which of the following is a limitation of sublimation as a purification technique? — Not all compounds sublime.
27. Sublimation is a process where a solid directly converts into: — Gas
28. Steam distillation is a type of distillation where the mixture is heated by passing steam through it. This is effective for compounds that are: — Insoluble in water and have a high boiling point
29. In Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), the stationary phase is typically a thin layer of silica gel or alumina coated on a: — Glass or plastic plate
30. Which chromatography technique uses a thin layer of adsorbent material coated on a glass plate? — Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
31. Which type of chromatography is often used for analyzing volatile compounds at high temperatures? — Gas Chromatography (GC)
32. Which property is NOT typically exploited for separation in chromatography? — Boiling point
33. In fractional distillation, the fractionating column provides a large surface area to facilitate: — Repeated vaporization and condensation
34. Which of the following is a common application of crystallization? — Purifying solid organic compounds
35. Which type of distillation is used to separate liquids with very close boiling points? — Fractional distillation
36. Which technique is used to purify heat-sensitive compounds by reducing the boiling point under reduced pressure? — Vacuum distillation
37. Which of the following compounds can be purified by sublimation? — Both B and C
38. Distillation is primarily used to separate liquids with significant differences in their: — Boiling points
39. In chromatography, Rf value is defined as the ratio of the distance traveled by the: — Solute to the solvent front
40. In differential extraction, the solvent that extracts the solute more efficiently is known as the: — Extracting solvent
41. A compound that sublimes readily is likely to have: — Weak intermolecular forces
42. The process of dissolving a solid in a suitable solvent, filtering, and then allowing crystals to form upon cooling is called: — Crystallization
43. Which of the following methods is used to separate an organic acid from a mixture of neutral compounds and organic bases? — Differential extraction
44. Differential extraction is particularly useful for separating a solute from a mixture when the solute has a higher solubility in: — The organic phase
45. What is the mobile phase in paper chromatography? — A solvent or mixture of solvents
46. In chromatography, the stationary phase is: — The solid or liquid coated on a solid support
47. What is the 'tailing' phenomenon in chromatography? — The solute spreading out into a long streak
48. Which chromatographic technique is used to separate ions based on their charge and size? — Ion Exchange Chromatography
49. What is the purpose of the condenser in a distillation apparatus? — To cool the vapor and condense it back into liquid
50. What is the primary purpose of using a fractionating column in fractional distillation? — To provide a large surface area for repeated condensation and vaporization
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