Research concepts, types, designs - One Line Questions

1. The term 'variable' in research refers to: — A characteristic or attribute that can vary or take on different values
2. A researcher wants to study the impact of a new teaching method on student performance. They randomly assign students to two groups, one receiving the new method and the other the traditional method. This is an example of: — A true experimental study
3. A correlation coefficient of -1 indicates: — A perfect negative linear relationship
4. Exploratory research is typically conducted when: — The problem is not clearly defined and needs further investigation
5. What is a hypothesis in the context of research? — A tentative, testable statement about the relationship between variables
6. Which of the following best describes a research concept? — A general idea or notion that forms the basis of research
7. What is a 'research question'? — A statement of the problem to be investigated
8. What is a cohort study? — A study of a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or experience
9. What is a confounding variable? — An extraneous variable that can influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables
10. A longitudinal study involves: — Observing the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time
11. What is the main challenge in establishing causality from correlational data? — Correlation does not imply causation; other factors may be involved.
12. Which research design is appropriate for studying trends over time within the same group of individuals? — Panel design
13. Which research design is best suited for studying the effects of a rare disease on a population? — Case-control study
14. Which type of research involves the manipulation of variables to establish cause-and-effect relationships? — Experimental research
15. Applied research is primarily concerned with: — Solving specific, practical problems
16. Which of the following is NOT a type of research design? — Hypothetical
17. Which type of research design aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of a complex phenomenon in its real-world context? — Ethnographic design
18. Which research design is most appropriate for determining if there is a relationship between hours of study and exam scores? — Correlational design
19. In a study investigating the effect of a new drug, the group receiving a placebo is part of the: — Control group
20. Which type of research involves systematically observing and recording behavior in its natural setting? — Observational research
21. A researcher uses a survey to gather information about the attitudes of a large population towards a new policy. This is an example of: — Descriptive research
22. Quantitative research primarily focuses on: — Collecting and analyzing numerical data
23. Action research is a type of research that: — Is conducted by practitioners to solve immediate problems in their own settings
24. What is the key characteristic of basic research? — It seeks to expand knowledge and understanding of fundamental principles
25. What is a major advantage of survey research? — It can gather data from a large number of people efficiently
26. What is a key limitation of observational research? — It may be subject to observer bias and cannot easily establish causality
27. What is the primary characteristic of a 'cross-sequential' research design? — It combines elements of both longitudinal and cross-sectional designs.
28. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good research concept? — It is clear, specific, and relevant
29. Which research design involves collecting data from a sample at a single point in time? — Cross-sectional design
30. In correlational research, what does a correlation coefficient of +1 indicate? — A perfect positive linear relationship
31. A qualitative research approach primarily focuses on: — Understanding the depth, meaning, and context of phenomena
32. Participant observation involves: — Actively engaging with and participating in the group or activity being studied
33. A researcher observes children playing in a playground without interfering. This is an example of: — Non-participant observation
34. A researcher is interested in understanding the lived experiences of cancer patients. Which research approach would be most suitable? — Phenomenological research
35. A researcher uses existing data collected by another organization for their study. This is an example of: — Secondary data collection
36. Ethnography is a research approach that typically involves: — Long-term immersion in a culture or social group
37. What is the main difference between a quasi-experimental design and a true experimental design? — True experimental designs involve random assignment to groups, while quasi-experimental designs do not.
38. In a case-control study, researchers typically start by identifying individuals with a specific outcome (cases) and compare them to individuals without the outcome (controls) based on past exposures. This design is useful for: — Studying rare diseases
39. Which research design is characterized by a detailed study of a single individual, group, or event? — Case study design
40. Grounded theory is a research methodology that aims to: — Develop theory directly from the data collected
41. What is a 'research design'? — The overall strategy or blueprint for conducting a research study
42. What is a 'control group' in an experimental design? — The group that does not receive the experimental treatment and serves as a baseline for comparison
43. What is a 'pilot study'? — A small-scale preliminary study conducted to evaluate feasibility, duration, and potential issues before the main study
44. A dependent variable is: — The variable that is measured or observed to see if it is affected by the independent variable
45. An independent variable is: — The variable that is manipulated by the researcher
46. A null hypothesis (H0) typically states: — There is no significant relationship or difference between variables
47. An alternative hypothesis (H1 or Ha) typically states: — There is a significant relationship or difference between variables
48. What is the primary goal of a meta-analysis? — To systematically review and combine the results of multiple independent studies on the same topic
49. What is the primary purpose of research? — To solve a problem or understand a phenomenon
50. What is the main goal of descriptive research? — To describe the characteristics of a population or phenomenon
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