Social problems: population, education, health, employment and poverty. - One Line Questions

1. Which constitutional amendment in India made education a fundamental right for children aged 6 to 14? — 86th Amendment Act, 2002
2. What does the term 'epidemic' denote? — A disease that affects a large number of people in a population in a specific region at a given time
3. What is the primary characteristic of a 'population explosion'? — A rapid increase in birth rates exceeding death rates
4. Which of the following is a leading cause of death in India, related to health issues? — Cardiovascular diseases
5. What is 'underemployment'? — Being employed in a job that does not fully utilize one's skills or pays very little
6. Which policy aims to control population growth by encouraging smaller families? — Population stabilization policy
7. Which of the following is a significant cause of malnutrition in India? — Lack of awareness about balanced diets and poor access to nutritious food
8. Which of the following is a major challenge faced by the Indian education system? — Poor quality of education and infrastructure
9. What is a key indicator of a nation's health status? — Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
10. Which of the following is a key factor contributing to the 'poverty trap'? — Inability to escape poverty due to a cycle of disadvantages
11. What is a common indicator of poverty in rural areas? — Low agricultural productivity and lack of non-farm employment
12. Which factor contributes most significantly to poverty in rural India? — Dependence on agriculture with low productivity and lack of alternative livelihoods
13. What is a significant issue related to the rapid urbanization driven by population growth? — Strain on urban infrastructure and services
14. What is a major consequence of high unemployment rates in a country? — Increased poverty and crime rates
15. Which of the following is a significant consequence of rapid population growth in developing countries? — Strain on public services like healthcare and education
16. Which of the following is a direct consequence of a high dependency ratio? — Increased demand for social welfare programs
17. Which sector is the largest employer in India? — Agriculture
18. Which of the following is a non-communicable disease (NCD)? — Diabetes
19. What is the significance of the 'Sex Ratio at Birth'? — It measures the number of females born per 1,000 males born
20. What is the primary definition of poverty used by economists? — Inability to meet basic needs such as food, shelter, and clothing
21. Which of the following is a characteristic of absolute poverty? — Inability to afford basic necessities for survival
22. What is a major challenge in implementing poverty alleviation programs effectively? — Corruption and leakages in the system
23. Which of the following is considered a 'social problem' in the context of population? — Gender imbalance
24. Which government initiative aims to enhance vocational skills among the youth in India? — Skill India Mission
25. Which government scheme in India aims to provide food security to the population? — National Food Security Act (NFSA)
26. What is a key challenge in achieving universal healthcare coverage in India? — High out-of-pocket expenditure for medical treatments
27. What is the primary challenge associated with healthcare access in rural India? — Shortage of healthcare professionals and infrastructure
28. Which of the following is a challenge related to 'health infrastructure' in remote areas? — Lack of qualified medical personnel and equipment
29. What does the term 'underutilization of labor' refer to in the context of employment? — People working fewer hours than they desire or are capable of
30. What is a common indicator used to measure a country's literacy rate? — Percentage of population aged 7 and above who can read and write
31. Which government program in India focuses on improving maternal and child health? — National Health Mission (NHM)
32. What is the primary focus of 'inclusive education'? — Educating children with special needs alongside their peers in mainstream schools
33. Which committee in India proposed the concept of a 'poverty line' based on calorie intake? — Alagh Committee
34. What does 'Life Expectancy at Birth' measure? — The average number of years a newborn infant is expected to live if current mortality patterns are to continue
35. What is a common measure of 'relative poverty'? — Having an income significantly below the median income of the society
36. What does the term 'feminization of poverty' describe? — A trend where women represent a disproportionately large percentage of the poor population
37. What does the term 'Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)' in education signify? — The ratio of total enrolment in a specific level of education to the population of the age group that is supposed to be enrolled in that level
38. What is considered the most direct measure of unemployment? — The number of people actively seeking work but unable to find it
39. What does the Gini Coefficient measure? — The extent of income inequality within a population
40. What does the dependency ratio in demography represent? — The ratio of the non-working-age population (children and elderly) to the working-age population
41. What does the term 'demographic transition' refer to in population studies? — The shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates
42. What does the term 'fertility rate' refer to in demography? — The average number of children born to a woman during her reproductive years
43. What is the main objective of poverty alleviation programs? — To raise the living standards of the poor and provide them with opportunities
44. What is the main goal of the 'National Skill Development Mission'? — To create a large pool of skilled manpower for industry
45. What is the primary aim of the 'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao' scheme? — To address the declining child sex ratio and promote the education of girls
46. What is the primary objective of the 'Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram' (JSSK)? — To provide free and cashless delivery and other services to pregnant women and sick newborns
47. What is the main objective of the Ayushman Bharat Yojana? — To ensure access to affordable and quality healthcare services
48. What is the main goal of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)? — To guarantee at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every rural household
49. What is the primary focus of the 'Midday Meal Scheme' in India? — To improve the nutritional status of primary school children
50. What is the primary goal of the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) in India? — To achieve universal elementary education
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