Software quality, reliability, risk management, estimation and scheduling (COCOMO), testing methodologies (unit, integration, white-box, black-box) and configuration management. - One Line Questions

1. Which of the following is an example of a 'project risk'? — The client changes the project scope significantly.
2. In software testing, what is a 'test case'? — A set of steps to execute a program.
3. In configuration management, what is 'change control'? — A formal process for requesting, evaluating, approving, and implementing changes to the software.
4. Which type of testing focuses on testing the internal structure and logic of the code? — White-box testing
5. Which testing technique is most suitable for verifying the control flow within a program? — Statement Coverage
6. Which of the following is a common technique for black-box testing that involves dividing input data into partitions that are expected to be processed similarly? — Equivalence Partitioning
7. What does 'validation' in software engineering typically refer to? — Ensuring that the software meets the user's actual needs and requirements.
8. What does 'verification' in software engineering typically refer to? — Ensuring that the software is built correctly according to design and specifications.
9. White-box testing requires knowledge of the internal code structure. What is a common technique used in white-box testing? — Statement coverage
10. Which estimation technique relies on decomposing the software into smaller, manageable components and estimating the effort for each component? — Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Estimation
11. What is the primary concern of 'maintainability' as a software quality attribute? — How easily the software can be modified, corrected, or enhanced.
12. In the context of risk management, what does 'risk mitigation' involve? — Developing strategies to reduce the probability or impact of identified risks.
13. What is the primary advantage of white-box testing over black-box testing? — It can uncover hidden errors in the code logic.
14. Which of the following is a measure of software reliability? — Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
15. COCOMO II is an evolution of the original COCOMO model. What does it incorporate that the original COCOMO did not? — More cost drivers and models for different development stages.
16. Which COCOMO mode is characterized by projects developed by relatively large teams, with complex software and hardware requirements, and often a need for innovation? — Embedded
17. What kind of risk is associated with the potential for the chosen technology to become obsolete or unsupported? — Technical Risk
18. Black-box testing treats the software as a 'black box', meaning the internal structure is not known. What is a primary technique used in black-box testing? — Equivalence partitioning
19. In COCOMO, what does the 'Organic' mode typically represent? — Projects developed in a familiar, stable environment with a relaxed schedule.
20. Which of the following is NOT a common attribute of software quality? — Marketing appeal
21. Which of the following is a key process within configuration management? — Version control
22. Which phase of the software development lifecycle is most impacted by effective risk management? — All phases
23. Software reliability is defined as the probability of failure-free software operation for a specified period in a specified environment. What does this imply? — Software has a certain likelihood of performing its intended function without failure.
24. Which type of risk is associated with the potential for the project to be canceled or delayed due to external factors like economic downturns or new regulations? — External Risk
25. Integration testing aims to verify the interaction between different software modules. What is a common approach to integration testing? — Combining modules and testing them as a group.
26. What is the primary challenge in estimating software development effort and cost? — The inherent uncertainty and complexity of software development.
27. In software reliability, what does 'Mean Time To Repair (MTTR)' measure? — The average time required to repair a failed system and restore it to operational status.
28. What is 'usability' as a software quality attribute? — The ease with which users can learn and operate the software.
29. Unit testing is performed on the smallest testable parts of an application. What is the primary focus of unit testing? — Individual functions, methods, or components in isolation.
30. The COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model) is a model for software cost estimation. What is its primary basis? — The number of lines of code (LOC) to be produced.
31. The COCOMO model uses 'Effort Multipliers' to adjust the nominal effort estimate. What do these multipliers represent? — Factors that influence the development effort, such as required reliability or team capability.
32. In COCOMO, what does 'person-month' represent? — The effort required to complete a task, typically measured in terms of one person working for one month.
33. What is a 'risk assessment' in the context of software projects? — The process of analyzing the likelihood and impact of identified risks.
34. What is the role of a 'release' in configuration management? — A specific version of the software product that is made available to users or customers.
35. A Gantt chart is a common tool used in software scheduling. What does it visually represent? — The dependencies between tasks and their durations.
36. Which of the following best describes 'test coverage'? — The percentage of code that has been executed by tests.
37. What is the main objective of software scheduling? — To determine the timeline for project activities and milestones.
38. What is the purpose of a 'build' in configuration management? — To create an executable version of the software from source code and other components.
39. What is the primary goal of software quality assurance? — To ensure that the software meets specified requirements and standards.
40. What is the main purpose of risk management in software engineering? — To identify, assess, and control potential problems that could affect a project.
41. What is the primary goal of integration testing? — To verify that integrated components work together as expected.
42. What is the main goal of system testing? — To evaluate the system's compliance with specified requirements as a whole.
43. What is the purpose of regression testing? — To ensure that recent code changes have not adversely affected existing functionality.
44. What is the main objective of acceptance testing? — To verify that the software meets the business requirements and is acceptable to the end-users.
45. What is the purpose of a baseline in configuration management? — A formally reviewed and agreed-upon state of a system or component at a particular point in time.
46. What is the main purpose of configuration auditing? — To verify that the software product conforms to its configuration management plan.
47. Which type of testing involves testing the complete, integrated system to evaluate its compliance with specified requirements? — System Testing
48. Which testing methodology focuses on verifying that the software behaves according to the specifications and user stories, without regard to the internal implementation? — Black-box testing
49. Configuration management in software engineering is responsible for: — Managing and controlling changes to the software product and its documentation throughout the lifecycle.
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