Soils and Agricultural Geography - One Line Questions

1. Which soil horizon is the zone of eluviation, where materials are removed by leaching? — B horizon
2. Which soil horizon is the least weathered and most resembles the parent material? — C horizon
3. The 'B' horizon, or subsoil, is primarily characterized by: — Accumulation of leached materials
4. The accumulation of salts in the upper layers of soil, often due to poor irrigation practices in arid and semi-arid regions, is known as: — Salinization
5. Agricultural land that is no longer productive due to soil degradation or desertification is referred to as: — Degraded land
6. Which soil order is characterized by the presence of permafrost and is found in cold, treeless regions? — Gelisols
7. Which soil type is known for its high clay content, poor drainage, and often reddish color due to iron oxides, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions? — Laterite soil
8. Which soil type has a gritty feel and is formed from the weathering of rocks like granite? — Sandy soil
9. Which of the following is NOT a major factor influencing soil formation? — Soil depth
10. The agricultural practice of planting crops on steep slopes after cutting steps into the land is called: — Terracing
11. Which soil conservation technique involves planting trees or shrubs around fields to protect against wind erosion? — Windbreaks
12. The term 'arable land' refers to land that is: — Suitable for growing crops
13. Which agricultural practice aims to prevent soil erosion by planting crops in alternating strips along contours? — Contour farming
14. The geological process that creates new soil by breaking down rocks is: — Weathering
15. Alluvial soils are primarily found in: — River valleys and coastal plains
16. The process of adding organic matter to soil to improve its fertility and structure is called: — Soil amendment
17. What is the primary cause of waterlogging in agricultural fields? — Poor drainage
18. Which agricultural practice helps in maintaining soil fertility and structure by incorporating crop residues back into the soil? — Green manuring
19. What is the term for the study of soils, including their formation, classification, and agricultural potential? — Pedology
20. Soils with a high proportion of sand particles are generally: — Well-drained and aerated
21. Which type of soil erosion involves the removal of a thin layer of topsoil over a wide area? — Sheet erosion
22. The parent material from which soil is formed is also referred to as: — Regolith
23. Which type of agriculture focuses on cultivating crops that are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions, often with minimal external inputs? — Subsistence agriculture
24. The practice of growing different crops in the same area in sequenced seasons is known as: — Crop rotation
25. The process of removing excess water from saturated soil is called: — Drainage
26. Which type of soil is formed from the decomposition of organic matter and is typically dark in color and nutrient-rich? — Peaty soil
27. Soils developed under grasslands are typically known for their: — Deep, dark surface horizons and high fertility
28. Soils with a high organic matter content tend to have: — Good soil structure and aeration
29. Which agricultural region is characterized by extensive cultivation of grains like wheat and corn on large, flat plains? — Temperate grassland region
30. The process of converting dead organic matter into stable humus is called: — Humification
31. Which of the following is a type of intensive farming often practiced in areas with limited land and high population density? —
32. Which soil horizon is characterized by accumulation of leached materials, typically lighter in color? — B horizon
33. What is the primary factor determining the texture of a soil? — Proportion of sand, silt, and clay particles
34. Soils rich in humus are generally: — Dark in color and fertile
35. The 'O' horizon in a soil profile consists mainly of: — Partially decomposed organic matter
36. A soil profile is a vertical cross-section of the soil, showing its different: — Horizons
37. What is the ideal soil texture for most agricultural crops, balancing water retention and drainage? — Loam
38. Black soils, also known as Regur, are best suited for the cultivation of: — Cotton and sugarcane
39. Which soil type is characterized by a smooth, soapy feel when moist and is sticky when wet? — Clay soil
40. Soils formed from the weathering of basaltic rocks are typically rich in: — Iron and magnesium
41. Which term describes the process where fertile topsoil is lost due to unsustainable farming, leading to reduced agricultural productivity? — Soil degradation
42. The breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller particles by physical, chemical, and biological processes is called: — Weathering
43. The ability of soil to support plant growth is known as: — Soil fertility
44. The pH of soil primarily affects: — Nutrient availability to plants
45. What is the uppermost layer of the Earth's crust, rich in organic matter and minerals, called? — Topsoil
46. Podzol soils are typically found in: — Boreal forests (Taiga)
47. Chernozems, known for their high fertility, are characteristic soils of: — Temperate grasslands
48. The impact of farming practices on soil health is a central concern in: — Environmental geography
49. The process by which soil particles are transported by wind or water is known as: — Erosion
50. Which factor is most critical for the successful cultivation of rice in most regions? — Clayey soil with high water retention
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