Structure and life history of protozoa – Entamoeba, Plasmodium species, Trypanosoma, Leishmania - One Line Questions

1. The 'erythrocytic schizont' of Plasmodium contains approximately how many merozoites? — 12-24
2. The long, slender, and motile form of Trypanosoma found in the blood of the mammalian host is called: — Trypomastigote
3. Which vector is responsible for transmitting Trypanosoma species that cause African sleeping sickness? — Tsetse fly
4. The 'epimastigote' form of Trypanosoma, with flagellum attached along the body by an undulating membrane, is found in the: — Midgut and salivary glands of the kissing bug
5. What is the primary mode of transmission for Entamoeba histolytica? — Ingestion of contaminated food or water
6. The 'African trypanosomiasis' is also known as: — Sleeping sickness
7. The 'cyst wall' of Entamoeba histolytica is primarily composed of: — Protein and carbohydrates
8. The 'undulating membrane' is a characteristic structure found in which protozoan genus? — Trypanosoma
9. The 'salivarian' transmission mode, where the parasite is injected into the host during feeding, is characteristic of which genus? — Trypanosoma (e.g., T. brucei)
10. The kinetoplast is a dense granule of mitochondrial DNA found in which protozoan genera? — Trypanosoma and Leishmania
11. Entamoeba coli is a commensal protozoan that resides in the human intestine. How does it differ morphologically from Entamoeba histolytica? — Entamoeba coli trophozoites have a larger, eccentric karyosome and may contain bacteria.
12. Which protozoan is known for its polymorphic forms and complex life cycle involving different stages in the blood and within insect vectors? — Trypanosoma species
13. What is the characteristic periodicity of fever in quartan malaria, caused by Plasmodium malariae? — Every 72 hours
14. Entamoeba gingivalis is a protozoan commonly found in the human mouth. Unlike Entamoeba histolytica, it: — Does not ingest red blood cells
15. Which stage of Plasmodium is responsible for the production of merozoites in the liver during the exo-erythrocytic cycle? — Schizont
16. The sexual reproduction phase of Plasmodium occurs in the: — Mosquito's midgut
17. In the life cycle of Plasmodium, the formation of sporozoites occurs within the: — Mosquito's salivary glands
18. The 'promastigote' form of Leishmania is characterized by a flagellum originating from the anterior end. Where does this form typically develop? —
19. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites? — Presence of cilia for motility
20. The quadrinucleated cyst of Entamoeba histolytica is the infective stage for humans. What happens upon ingestion? — It undergoes excystation in the small intestine to form trophozoites.
21. The 'Shizont' stage of Plasmodium, containing multiple merozoites, develops within which cell type in humans? — Red blood cells
22. Leishmania donovani is the causative agent of which disease? — Kala-azar (Visceral leishmaniasis)
23. What is the infective stage of Plasmodium species that is transmitted to humans by mosquito bite? — Sporozoite
24. Which stage of Plasmodium is taken up by the Anopheles mosquito when it feeds on an infected human? — Gametocyte
25. The relapse of malaria, especially in cases of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale infections, is caused by the reactivation of which dormant stage in the liver? — Hypnozoites
26. The vector for Leishmania species is a: — Sandfly
27. The 'benign tertian malaria' is caused by which Plasmodium species, characterized by fever every third day? — Plasmodium vivax
28. Which protozoan parasite causes amoebic dysentery in humans? — Entamoeba histolytica
29. Which species of Plasmodium is responsible for the most severe and potentially fatal form of malaria? — Plasmodium falciparum
30. Which Plasmodium species has a shorter incubation period and is often associated with high parasitemia and severe complications? — Plasmodium falciparum
31. Which of the following is a key diagnostic feature for identifying Entamoeba histolytica in stool samples? — Trophozoites with ingested red blood cells
32. Which form of Leishmania is found within the macrophages of the host and the sandfly vector? — Amastigote
33. The pre-erythrocytic schizogony of Plasmodium occurs in which organ? — Liver
34. What is the primary reservoir for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the cause of West African sleeping sickness? — Humans
35. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite found in intestinal lesions? — Inclusion of ingested red blood cells
36. The 'visceral form' of leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) is characterized by the widespread presence of amastigotes in which organs? — Liver, spleen, and bone marrow
37. Which stage of Plasmodium is responsible for the characteristic chills and fever in malaria patients due to rupture of infected erythrocytes? — Merozoite
38. During the erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium, what is the stage that invades red blood cells? — Merozoite
39. Which stage of Plasmodium develops into gametocytes (male and female)? — Trophozoite
40. The amastigote form of Leishmania is oval-shaped and lacks an external flagellum. It is the form that multiplies within: — The human liver cells and macrophages
41. In the life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica, which stage is typically found in the lumen of the large intestine and is responsible for excystation? — Quadrinucleated cyst
42. Which stage of Entamoeba histolytica is found in diarrheal stools and is responsible for the spread of infection? — Trophozoite
43. The most common and infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica found in formed stools is the: — Quadrinucleated cyst
44. Which protozoan genus is characterized by the absence of flagella or cilia in its adult form and reproduces asexually via binary fission? — Entamoeba
45. The ' Romana's sign', characterized by unilateral periorbital edema, is associated with acute Chagas disease caused by: — Trypanosoma cruzi
46. The 'chironomid' or 'black fly' is the vector for which species of Trypanosoma that causes disease in animals (e.g., nagana)? — Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
47. The 'circumventricular organs' of the brain are targeted by certain Trypanosoma species, leading to neurological symptoms. Which species is most associated with this? — Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
48. In the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite undergoes development in both the tsetse fly and the mammalian host. Which form multiplies by binary fission in the insect's gut? — Epimastigote
49. Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, is transmitted by which type of insect vector? — Kissing bug (Reduviid bug)
50. The 'cutaneous leishmaniasis' (e.g., Oriental sore) is primarily caused by Leishmania species that infect which tissue? — Skin macrophages
All One Line Questions
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