tachometric survey curve setting earthwork calculation advanced surveying equipment - One Line Questions

1. Using the same tacheometric data as above (S=1.500 m, α=+5°00', k=100, C=0), what is the vertical difference in elevation? — 12.95 m
2. In tacheometry, if the horizontal staff reading is 1.500 m and the vertical angle is +5°00', and the multiplying constant k=100, C=0, what is the horizontal distance? — 150.00 m
3. If the cross-sectional area of a railway cutting at one end is 150 m² and at the other end is 200 m², and the length of the section is 100m, what is the volume using the Average End Area Method? — 17500 m³
4. Using the Prismoidal Formula for the same cutting section (A1=150 m², A2=200 m², L=100m), and assuming a mid-section area (Am) of 170 m², what is the volume? — 17666.67 m³
5. For a simple circular curve with a radius of 200m and a deflection angle of 60°, what is the tangent length? — 115.47 m
6. With the same curve parameters (R=200m, Δ=60°), what is the length of the long chord? — 217.67 m
7. The 'Average End Area Method' for earthwork calculation assumes that the cross-sectional areas at the ends of a strip are: — Connected by a plane surface
8. Which angle is crucial for calculating various elements of a simple circular curve, representing the total change in direction of the tangents? — Deflection Angle (Δ)
9. In tacheometry, when the line of sight is inclined, the horizontal distance (DH) and vertical difference in elevation (DV) are calculated using the observed vertical angle (α) and the stadia intercept (S). Which formula is correct for horizontal distance? — DH = kS cos²α
10. For vertical difference in elevation (DV) when the line of sight is inclined upwards in tacheometry, the formula is DV = kS sinα cosα. This can be simplified to: — DV = (kS/2) sin(2α)
11. What does EDM stand for in the context of advanced surveying equipment? — Electronic Distance Measurement
12. What is the primary advantage of the Subtense Method in tacheometry? — Eliminates the need for vertical angle measurements
13. A 'Total Station' integrates an electronic theodolite with an electronic distance measurement (EDM) device and a microprocessor. Its primary advantage is: — Faster and more accurate data collection
14. What are the two main methods of tacheometry? — Fixed Hair and Movable Hair
15. Which tacheometric method uses a stadia diaphragm with fixed hairs? — Fixed Hair Method
16. What is the 'Radius of Curvature' (R) in the context of curve setting? — The radius of the circular arc
17. Which term describes the process of determining the position of points on a contour map based on tacheometric readings? — Interpolation
18. A 'Laser Scanner' is an advanced surveying tool that captures detailed 3D information of a physical object or environment by using: — Laser light to measure points
19. The formula for the Average End Area Method is V = A/2 * (A1 + A2), where A1 and A2 are the end areas and 'A' is the: — Length of the strip
20. Which technology allows for the creation of highly accurate digital elevation models (DEMs) from aerial or satellite imagery? — LiDAR
21. Which advanced surveying technique is particularly useful for mapping dense urban environments or complex geological formations? — LiDAR
22. In tacheometry, the accuracy of distance measurement is generally: — Lower than direct taping
23. The Prismoidal Formula for volume is V = L/6 * (A1 + 4Am + A2), where L is the length, A1 and A2 are end areas, and Am is the: — Mid-section area
24. The Movable Hair Method of tacheometry involves adjusting the distance between the upper and lower hairs on the diaphragm to directly read the distance. This method is generally: — More accurate but slower
25. In the Fixed Hair Method of tacheometry, the horizontal distance is calculated using the formula D = kS + C, where S is the stadia intercept. What does 'k' represent? — Multiplying constant
26. Which type of curve is commonly used for horizontal transitions in roads and railways to connect two straight tangents smoothly? — Spiral curve
27. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) like GPS are used in advanced surveying for: — Precise positioning and mapping
28. Which method of setting out a circular curve involves setting out chords of equal or varying lengths from the PC? — Deflection Angle Method
29. What does the additive constant 'C' in the tacheometric distance formula (D = kS + C) typically account for? — The focal length of the object glass and the distance from the vertical axis to the vertical hair
30. What does 'Tangent Length' (TL) of a simple circular curve represent? — The distance from the Point of Curvature (PC) to the Point of Intersection (PI)
31. What is a key consideration when setting out a compound curve compared to a simple circular curve? — The need to consider the transition between curves of different radii
32. The 'Long Chord' (LC) of a simple circular curve is the distance between: — The beginning and end of the curve
33. In setting out a simple circular curve, what is the 'Point of Intersection' (PI)? — The intersection of the two tangents
34. What is 'Photogrammetry' in advanced surveying? — The science and art of obtaining reliable information about physical objects and the environment through the process of recording, measuring and interpreting photographic images
35. In tacheometry, what is the instrument used to measure horizontal distances and elevations? — Tacheometer
36. What is the purpose of 'curtate method' in earthwork calculation? — To calculate volumes in irregular areas with steep slopes
37. What is the primary purpose of earthwork calculations in surveying? — To determine the volume of material to be excavated or filled
38. What is the main purpose of curve setting in surveying? — To establish points on a curved path
39. What is the primary application of tacheometry in modern surveying? — Topographic mapping and contouring
40. In the Deflection Angle Method, the deflection angle for each chord is calculated as: — Total Deflection Angle / Number of chords
41. What is the main difference between a Total Station and a traditional theodolite with an EDM? — Total Station has integrated data storage and processing capabilities
42. Which method for earthwork calculation is suitable when the ground surface is irregular and consists of many irregular plots? — Grid Method
43. What is the primary principle behind tachometry? — Stadia surveying
44. In earthwork calculations, if the ground is sloping, the 'net area' is calculated by considering the difference between the formation level and the ground level at various points. — True
45. The 'Prismoidal Formula' is generally considered more accurate than the Average End Area Method because it assumes the solid is bounded by: — Two parallel end areas and a prismoidal mid-section
46. The 'Versine' (v) of a circular curve is the maximum ordinate from the tangent to the curve. It is calculated as: — v = R (1 - cos(Δ/2))
47. Which of the following is a common advanced surveying equipment? — Total Station
48. When using tacheometry with an external focusing telescope and the vertical hair is on the vertical axis, the additive constant 'C' is generally taken as: — Zero
49. What is the relationship between the Deflection Angle (Δ) and the Central Angle (θ) for a simple circular curve? — Δ = θ/2
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