Tools of recombinant DNA technology - restriction enzymes ligases vectors plasmids bacteriophages - One Line Questions

1. What is a 'recognition site' for a restriction enzyme? — A specific DNA sequence where the enzyme binds and cuts
2. A 'multiple cloning site' (MCS) in a plasmid vector is characterized by: — Several different restriction enzyme recognition sites clustered together
3. What is a 'cloning vector'? — A DNA molecule used to carry a foreign gene into a host cell
4. Which of the following is a common method for selecting bacteria that have taken up a plasmid containing a reporter gene like lacZ? — Blue-white screening
5. What is the primary challenge in using 'blunt ends' for ligation compared to 'sticky ends'? — Blunt ends are less stable and ligate less efficiently
6. What is the term for the small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria that are often used as vectors? — Plasmids
7. The enzyme responsible for methylating DNA, often preventing cleavage by restriction enzymes that recognize the same site, is: — Methylase
8. The enzyme that converts RNA into DNA is called: — Reverse Transcriptase
9. Which enzyme is used to synthesize cDNA from mRNA? — Reverse Transcriptase
10. Which type of enzyme is primarily used to cut DNA at specific recognition sites during recombinant DNA technology? — Restriction Endonuclease
11. Which method is used to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells using Agrobacterium tumefaciens? — Disarmed Ti plasmid vector
12. Which restriction enzyme recognizes the sequence GAATTC and cuts between G and A? — EcoRI
13. What is the significance of the palindromic nature of many restriction enzyme recognition sites? — It ensures that the enzyme cuts both DNA strands at the same position
14. The ability of a plasmid to confer antibiotic resistance to the host cell is useful because: — It helps in the selection of transformed cells
15. What is the advantage of using a 'suicide vector' in recombinant DNA technology? — It is designed to be unstable and is eliminated from the host after integration
16. The enzyme that unwinds DNA during replication and transcription is: — Helicase
17. The enzyme that adds a phosphate group to the 5' end of a DNA fragment is: — Kinase
18. Which type of bacteriophage is commonly used as a cloning vector? — M13
19. What is a 'genomic library' constructed using? — A collection of DNA fragments from the entire genome cloned into vectors
20. Which of the following is a naturally occurring plasmid that is widely used in genetic engineering? — pBR322
21. Which of the following is NOT a type of cloning vector? — Ribosome
22. Which of the following is a type of artificial chromosome used as a vector? — Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC)
23. What is the term for the DNA sequence recognized by a restriction enzyme? — Recognition site
24. What does the 'ampR' gene on the pBR322 plasmid confer? — Resistance to ampicillin
25. Which enzyme is responsible for forming phosphodiester bonds to seal the gaps in the DNA backbone between inserted DNA and the vector? — DNA Ligase
26. Which of the following is a commonly used vector in genetic engineering for cloning DNA fragments? — Plasmid
27. Which of the following is an example of a restriction enzyme? — EcoRI
28. What is a 'host cell' in the context of recombinant DNA technology? — The organism that receives and replicates the recombinant DNA
29. The ability of a restriction enzyme to cut DNA at a specific sequence is determined by: — The specific nucleotide sequence of the recognition site
30. What is the primary advantage of using bacteriophages over plasmids as vectors for certain applications? — They can carry larger DNA inserts
31. Bacteriophages are useful as vectors because: — They have a high copy number within the host cell
32. Restriction enzymes are often referred to as 'molecular scissors' because: — They cut DNA at specific recognition sequences
33. Restriction enzymes that cut DNA symmetrically, producing 'sticky ends', are most useful for recombinant DNA technology because: — They allow for precise joining of DNA fragments
34. Which of the following is a limitation of using bacteriophages as vectors? — They have a limited carrying capacity for DNA inserts
35. Which of the following is a characteristic of 'blunt ends' generated by some restriction enzymes? — They have single-stranded overhangs
36. What characteristic of Type III restriction enzymes makes them less ideal for routine cloning compared to Type II? — They require ATP and are less specific
37. What is the role of a 'selectable marker' on a cloning vector? — To identify and select host cells that have successfully taken up the vector
38. What is the primary role of the 'polylinker' region in a cloning vector? — To provide multiple restriction sites for inserting foreign DNA
39. What is the purpose of using a 'linker' in recombinant DNA technology? — To introduce specific restriction sites into blunt-ended DNA
40. What is the role of the 'origin of replication' (ori) in a plasmid vector? — To allow the plasmid to replicate within the host cell
41. What is the function of a 'shuttle vector'? — To replicate in two or more different host organisms
42. What is the main function of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology? — To join DNA fragments together
43. What is the function of a 'promoter' sequence in a cloning vector, especially when expressing a foreign gene? — To initiate transcription of the inserted gene
44. What is the process of introducing recombinant DNA into bacterial cells called? — Transformation
45. The process of inserting a foreign DNA fragment into a plasmid vector is called: — Ligation
46. The process of using a bacteriophage to transfer genetic material from one bacterium to another is called: — Transduction
47. Which class of restriction enzymes requires ATP for their activity and cuts DNA at sites other than their defined recognition sequence? — Type I
48. The most commonly used restriction enzymes in molecular cloning belong to which type? — Type II
49. Which type of restriction enzyme has subunits that perform both restriction and modification (methylation) activities? — Type I
50. What are bacteriophages? — Viruses that infect bacteria
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