Transition elements: electronic configuration occurrence and general trends, oxidation states and catalytic behaviour - One Line Questions

1. The electronic configuration of Scandium (Sc) is: — [Ar] 3d¹ 4s²
2. The electronic configuration of Vanadium (V) is: — [Ar] 3d³ 4s²
3. The electronic configuration of Chromium (Cr) is: — [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹
4. Which of the following is a common oxidation state for Iron (Fe)? — +2 and +3
5. Which of the following is the most common oxidation state of Manganese (Mn)? — +2
6. The oxidation state of Chromium in K₂Cr₂O₇ is: — +6
7. The oxidation state of Manganese in MnO₄⁻ is: — +7
8. The highest oxidation state of Ruthenium (Ru) is: — +8
9. The term 'transition element' is generally applied to elements that have: — An incompletely filled d subshell in their ground state or ionic state
10. The complex ion [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ is blue. This colour is due to: — d-d transitions
11. The element with electronic configuration [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ is: — Manganese (Mn)
12. Which of the following is a common use of transition metals in alloys for increased strength and hardness? — All of the above
13. Which of the following transition metal ions is colourless? — Cu⁺
14. The colour of CuSO₄·5H₂O is blue due to the presence of: — Cu²⁺ ions
15. The colour of transition metal compounds is mainly due to: — d-d transitions
16. The density of transition elements generally: — Increases across a period
17. The magnetic behaviour of transition metals is generally: — Paramagnetic
18. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic property of transition metals? — Tendency to form ionic compounds with very high lattice energy
19. Which of the following is a characteristic property of Actinides but not Lanthanides? — Radioactivity
20. The occurrence of transition elements in nature is primarily as: — Oxides, sulfides, and carbonates
21. The element with the electronic configuration [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² is: — Lutetium (Lu)
22. The electronic configuration of Copper (Cu) is [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ due to: — Greater stability of a fully-filled d subshell
23. The catalytic activity of transition metals is enhanced by their ability to: — Lower the activation energy by forming intermediate compounds
24. The reason for the small change in atomic radii across the second and third transition series is: — Lanthanoid contraction
25. The trend in the atomic radii of transition elements across a period is generally: — Remains almost constant
26. Which element is known for its variable oxidation states and is commonly used as a catalyst in the Haber process? — Iron (Fe)
27. Which of the following transition metals commonly exhibits an oxidation state of +1? — Copper (Cu)
28. Which of the following transition metals has the highest melting point? — Tungsten (W)
29. Which of the following is an example of a transition metal used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils? — Nickel (Ni)
30. Which of the following transition metals is liquid at room temperature? — Mercury (Hg)
31. Which of the following transition metals is most abundant in the Earth's crust? — Titanium (Ti)
32. The general trend in ionization enthalpy across a period for transition elements is: — Irregular increase
33. The catalytic activity of a transition metal catalyst is often explained by: — Its ability to form unstable intermediate compounds with reactants
34. Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous catalyst involving a transition metal? — Rh complexes in hydroformylation
35. Which transition metal ion is responsible for the blue colour of the flame test in some cases? — Cu²⁺
36. The general electronic configuration of inner transition elements (f-block) is: — ns² np⁶ (n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰ (n-2)f¹⁻¹⁴
37. Which of the following is the characteristic electronic configuration of transition elements? — ns¹⁻² (n-1)d¹⁻¹⁰
38. Which of the following is the characteristic electronic configuration of Lanthanides? — ns² np⁶ (n-1)d⁰⁻¹ (n-2)f¹⁻¹⁴
39. The ability of transition metals to exhibit variable oxidation states is primarily due to: — Involvement of both ns and (n-1)d electrons in bonding
40. Lanthanides and Actinides belong to which block of the periodic table? — f-block
41. Transition elements are found in which block of the periodic table? — d-block
42. The highest oxidation state observed in the first transition series is for: — Manganese (Mn)
43. Transition metals form alloys because they have: — Similar atomic sizes and radii
44. The highest oxidation state exhibited by an element is often equal to: — The sum of s and d electrons in the valence shell
45. The relative stability of various oxidation states of transition metals is related to: — The stability of the resulting electronic configuration
46. The catalytic activity of transition metals is attributed to: — Their variable oxidation states and ability to form intermediate complexes
47. Which of the following is a key characteristic of transition elements that allows them to form alloys? — Their similar atomic radii and crystal structures
48. Which of the following is NOT an actinide element? — Europium (Eu)
49. Which of the following is a common use of transition metal compounds as pigments? — All of the above
50. Which of the following transition metal ions is paramagnetic? — Ti³⁺
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