Universal law of gravitation and gravitational potential - One Line Questions
1.
What is the gravitational potential at the center of a uniform solid sphere of mass M and radius R? —
-3GM/(2R)
2.
What is the gravitational potential energy of a system of three masses m, 2m, and 3m placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side a? —
-G(11m²)/(2a)
3.
The gravitational potential inside a uniform solid sphere of mass M and radius R at a distance r from the center (r < R) is given by: —
-GM(3R² - r²)/(2R³)
4.
The gravitational potential at the center of a uniform spherical shell of mass M and radius R is: —
-GM/R
5.
If a body of mass m is at a distance r from the center of the Earth (mass M), its gravitational potential energy is -GMm/r. If the body moves to a distance 2r, its potential energy will become: —
-GMm/(2r)
6.
If the radius of the Earth is R, the gravitational potential energy of a mass m at a height h above the surface is: —
-GMm/(R+h)
7.
What is the dimension of the gravitational constant G? —
[M⁻¹L³T⁻²]
8.
If the distance between two masses M and m is increased from r to 2r, the gravitational potential energy changes by a factor of: —
1/4
9.
If the radius of the Earth were to decrease by 1%, what would be the approximate change in the acceleration due to gravity on its surface, assuming mass remains constant? —
2% increase
10.
The gravitational force between two bodies is: —
Always attractive
11.
If the distance between two point masses is doubled, the gravitational force between them becomes: —
One-fourth
12.
The gravitational force between two point masses is independent of the nature of the medium separating them. This property is similar to: —
Electric force
13.
The gravitational force between two point masses m1 and m2 separated by a distance r is F. If the distance is reduced to r/2, the new force will be: —
4F
14.
The gravitational force between two point masses is given by F = G(m₁m₂)/r². If the masses are doubled and the distance is also doubled, the new force will be: —
F
15.
The universal law of gravitation was formulated by: —
Isaac Newton
16.
The gravitational potential due to a point mass 'M' at a distance 'r' is given by: —
-GM/r
17.
What is the gravitational potential at the surface of the Earth (radius R, mass M)? —
-GM/R
18.
The gravitational field strength due to a point mass M at a distance r is given by: —
GM/r²
19.
The gravitational potential energy of a system of two identical masses m separated by a distance r is: —
-Gm²/r
20.
What is the gravitational potential energy of a mass 'm' at a distance 'r' from a mass 'M'? —
-GMm/r
21.
The work done by gravity when a mass moves from infinity to a point at distance r from a mass M is: —
-GMm/r
22.
If the Earth's mass is doubled and its radius is halved, the acceleration due to gravity on its surface would become: —
Four times
23.
If the Earth suddenly stops rotating, the weight of a person standing on the equator will: —
Increase
24.
If we move from the surface of the Earth towards its center, the gravitational potential: —
Decreases
25.
If two masses are moved farther apart, their gravitational potential energy: —
Increases
26.
What is the gravitational potential at infinity? —
Zero
27.
The gravitational force between two point masses is proportional to the inverse square of the distance between them. This is known as the: —
Inverse square law
28.
If the distance between two point masses is halved, the gravitational potential energy between them: —
Becomes four times
29.
The value of the gravitational constant G was first measured experimentally by: —
Henry Cavendish
30.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding gravitational potential? —
It represents the potential energy per unit mass.
31.
If the mass of the Earth becomes twice its present value, what would be the gravitational potential energy of a satellite of mass m in the same orbit? —
It becomes double
32.
The gravitational force between two point masses is attractive and acts along the line joining their centers. This statement is a part of: —
Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation
33.
Gravitational potential is a measure of potential energy per unit: —
Mass
34.
The gravitational field strength at a point is defined as the gravitational force per unit: —
Mass
35.
If the mass of the Earth is M and its radius is R, the gravitational potential energy of a mass m at its surface is approximately: —
-mgR
36.
What is the SI unit of the gravitational constant (G)? —
N m²/kg²
37.
The gravitational force exerted by the Earth on the Moon is equal in magnitude to the gravitational force exerted by the Moon on the Earth. This is an application of: —
Newton's Third Law
38.
Gravitational potential at a point is defined as the work done in bringing a unit mass from infinity to that point. What is the sign of gravitational potential? —
Negative
39.
The gravitational potential energy of a system of two masses is defined as the work done by an external agent against the gravitational force to separate the masses to an infinite distance. What is its sign? —
Negative
40.
If the mass of one of the bodies is doubled, while the distance remains the same, the gravitational force between them: —
Becomes double
41.
Gravitational potential is a: —
Scalar quantity
42.
The gravitational force between two masses is independent of: —
The medium between the bodies
43.
The gravitational potential at a point is zero if: —
All of the above
44.
The gravitational force between two point masses is proportional to: —
The inverse square of the distance between them
45.
According to Newton's universal law of gravitation, the force of attraction between two point masses is directly proportional to: —
The product of their masses
46.
The gravitational force between two bodies is dependent on: —
Their masses and the distance between their centers
47.
The gravitational potential energy of a system of two particles is zero when: —
They are infinitely far apart
48.
The gravitational field strength at a point is equal to the negative gradient of the gravitational potential. —
True
49.
The gravitational potential energy of a system of n particles is the sum of the potential energies of all possible pairs of particles. —
True
50.
The gravitational potential at a point is the work done by an external agent against the gravitational field to bring a unit mass from infinity to that point. —
True, and the potential is negative