TNTET Paper 2 - Cell basics and human body systems digestive respiratory circulatory. Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. What is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms?

A) Tissue B) Organ C) Cell D) Molecule

2. Which organelle is known as the 'powerhouse' of the cell, responsible for generating most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

A) Nucleus B) Ribosome C) Endoplasmic Reticulum D) Mitochondrion

3. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?

A) Protein synthesis B) Controlling what enters and leaves the cell C) Storing genetic material D) Generating energy

4. Which part of the cell contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities?

A) Cytoplasm B) Cell wall C) Nucleus D) Golgi apparatus

5. What is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles?

A) Nucleoplasm B) Cytosol C) Vacuole D) Mitochondrial matrix

6. In the human digestive system, where does the digestion of carbohydrates primarily begin?

A) Stomach B) Small intestine C) Mouth D) Large intestine

7. Which enzyme, found in saliva, begins the breakdown of starch?

A) Pepsin B) Trypsin C) Amylase D) Lipase

8. The stomach secretes which strong acid to aid in digestion and kill bacteria?

A) Sulfuric acid B) Hydrochloric acid C) Nitric acid D) Acetic acid

9. What is the main role of the small intestine in digestion?

A) Absorption of water B) Storage of bile C) Most chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients D) Production of digestive enzymes

10. Which organ produces bile, which helps in the digestion of fats?

A) Pancreas B) Gallbladder C) Liver D) Stomach

11. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into which part of the digestive tract?

A) Stomach B) Duodenum (first part of the small intestine) C) Esophagus D) Large intestine

12. What is the primary function of the large intestine?

A) Digestion of proteins B) Absorption of vitamins C) Absorption of water and electrolytes D) Production of hormones

13. The muscular tube connecting the pharynx (throat) to the stomach is called the:

A) Trachea B) Esophagus C) Bronchus D) Diaphragm

14. Where does the primary gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out) occur in the human respiratory system?

A) Trachea B) Bronchioles C) Alveoli D) Larynx

15. What is the main function of the diaphragm?

A) To pump blood B) To filter waste products C) To aid in breathing by contracting and relaxing D) To secrete digestive enzymes

16. Which part of the respiratory system is also known as the 'voice box'?

A) Pharynx B) Larynx C) Trachea D) Epiglottis

17. What is the flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing?

A) Uvula B) Tonsil C) Epiglottis D) Vocal cord

18. The windpipe, which carries air to the lungs, is also known as the:

A) Esophagus B) Bronchus C) Trachea D) Lungs

19. What gas is carried from the lungs to the body's tissues by red blood cells?

A) Carbon dioxide B) Nitrogen C) Oxygen D) Hydrogen

20. Which blood component is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?

A) White blood cells B) Platelets C) Plasma D) Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)

21. What is the main function of the circulatory system?

A) Digestion of food B) Transport of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products C) Protection against pathogens D) Regulation of body temperature through sweating

22. Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?

A) Left atrium B) Left ventricle C) Right atrium D) Right ventricle

23. What is the largest artery in the human body, carrying oxygenated blood from the left ventricle?

A) Pulmonary artery B) Aorta C) Coronary artery D) Carotid artery

24. Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

A) Vein B) Capillary C) Artery D) Venule

25. What are the tiny blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products occurs between blood and tissues?

A) Arterioles B) Capillaries C) Venules D) Lymphatics

26. Which component of blood is responsible for clotting?

A) Red blood cells B) White blood cells C) Plasma D) Platelets (Thrombocytes)

27. The process by which food is broken down into simpler substances that can be absorbed by the body is called:

A) Respiration B) Circulation C) Digestion D) Excretion

28. Which vitamin is synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine and is important for blood clotting?

A) Vitamin C B) Vitamin D C) Vitamin K D) Vitamin A

29. The rhythmic contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called:

A) Peristalsis B) Segmentation C) Churning D) Absorption

30. What is the primary function of the epiglottis?

A) To produce sound B) To prevent food from entering the airway C) To filter air D) To absorb oxygen

31. Which organ filters waste products from the blood and produces urine?

A) Liver B) Lungs C) Kidneys D) Spleen

32. What is the main function of the alveoli in the lungs?

A) Warming and humidifying air B) Producing mucus C) Facilitating gas exchange D) Filtering dust particles

33. The process of taking air into the lungs is called:

A) Exhalation B) Inspiration C) Ventilation D) Respiration

34. Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

A) Aorta B) Pulmonary vein C) Pulmonary artery D) Vena cava

35. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?

A) Right atrium B) Right ventricle C) Left atrium D) Left ventricle

36. What substance is primarily responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood?

A) Hemoglobin B) Plasma C) White blood cells D) Platelets

37. The semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food and digestive juices in the stomach is called:

A) Chyme B) Bile C) Bolus D) Feces

38. Which organ stores bile produced by the liver?

A) Pancreas B) Gallbladder C) Stomach D) Duodenum

39. What is the main waste product removed by the respiratory system?

A) Urea B) Carbon dioxide C) Ammonia D) Lactic acid

40. The process of expelling air from the lungs is called:

A) Inspiration B) Inhalation C) Expiration D) Ventilation

41. Which of the following is NOT a part of the human digestive system?

A) Esophagus B) Trachea C) Stomach D) Small intestine

42. Which of the following is NOT a part of the human respiratory system?

A) Lungs B) Diaphragm C) Aorta D) Trachea

43. Which of the following is NOT a component of blood?

A) Red blood cells B) Enzymes C) Plasma D) Platelets

44. The exchange of gases in the lungs occurs between the alveoli and the:

A) Arteries B) Veins C) Capillaries D) Bronchioles

45. What is the primary role of the left ventricle?

A) To receive deoxygenated blood from the body B) To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs C) To receive oxygenated blood from the lungs D) To pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

46. Which part of the cell is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

A) Ribosome B) Lysosome C) Golgi apparatus D) Vacuole

47. What is the main function of white blood cells?

A) Transporting oxygen B) Clotting blood C) Fighting infection and disease D) Carrying nutrients

48. Which substance is absorbed in the large intestine?

A) Glucose B) Amino acids C) Water D) Fats

49. The process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment is called:

A) Metabolism B) Homeostasis C) Photosynthesis D) Osmosis

Cell basics and human body systems digestive respiratory circulatory. - Online Test

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