NEET UG - Mineral nutrition - macro and micronutrients, deficiency symptoms, nitrogen metabolism Online Test (MCQ Quiz)

1. Which of the following is considered a macronutrient essential for plant growth?

A) Molybdenum B) Zinc C) Phosphorus D) Copper

2. Which element is a component of all organic compounds and is the most abundant element in plant cells by dry weight?

A) Nitrogen B) Carbon C) Oxygen D) Hydrogen

3. Potassium (K+) is absorbed by plants primarily through:

A) Active transport B) Facilitated diffusion C) Simple diffusion D) Endocytosis

4. Chlorosis, a yellowing of leaves, is a common deficiency symptom associated with which mineral nutrient?

A) Potassium B) Magnesium C) Phosphorus D) Sulfur

5. Which micronutrient is essential for the synthesis of chlorophyll and is also involved in enzyme activation?

A) Iron B) Manganese C) Magnesium D) Zinc

6. Necrosis, the death of plant tissue, is often a symptom of deficiency in which nutrient?

A) Calcium B) Potassium C) Nitrogen D) Sulfur

7. Which of the following is a function of Boron (B) in plants?

A) Electron transport chain B) Cell wall synthesis and membrane function C) Nitrogen fixation D) Enzyme cofactor for photosynthesis

8. Nitrogen is a constituent of:

A) Carbohydrates and lipids B) Proteins and nucleic acids C) Vitamins and hormones D) Cellulose and lignin

9. A deficiency of Phosphorus (P) in plants typically leads to:

A) Stunted root development B) Thickening of cell walls C) Excessive vegetative growth D) Early flowering and fruiting

10. Which micronutrient plays a crucial role in nitrogen metabolism and is a component of nitrate reductase and nitrogenase enzymes?

A) Copper B) Molybdenum C) Manganese D) Iron

11. Wilting in plants, even in moist soil, can be a symptom of a deficiency in:

A) Calcium B) Potassium C) Magnesium D) Phosphorus

12. Which element is involved in the photolysis of water during photosynthesis?

A) Manganese B) Chlorine C) Potassium D) Calcium

13. The 'little leaf' or 'rosette' symptom is characteristic of a deficiency in:

A) Iron B) Manganese C) Zinc D) Boron

14. Sulfur (S) is a component of which important organic molecules in plants?

A) Starch and cellulose B) Amino acids (like cysteine and methionine) and vitamins C) Lipids and phospholipids D) Nucleic acids and ATP

15. Which of the following is NOT considered an essential element for plant growth?

A) Potassium B) Sodium C) Calcium D) Magnesium

16. A deficiency in Iron (Fe) leads to chlorosis, where the interveinal areas turn yellow, while the veins remain green. This phenomenon is known as:

A) Interveinal chlorosis B) Marginal chlorosis C) Uniform chlorosis D) Stunting

17. The enzyme nitrogenase, responsible for biological nitrogen fixation, contains which micronutrient as a cofactor?

A) Molybdenum B) Iron C) Copper D) Nickel

18. Which mineral nutrient is crucial for maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells and opening/closing of stomata?

A) Calcium B) Magnesium C) Potassium D) Phosphorus

19. A deficiency of Manganese (Mn) can cause:

A) Rotting of root tips B) Yellowing of young leaves C) Formation of anthocyanin pigments D) Increased susceptibility to fungal diseases

20. Which element is essential for the formation of the middle lamella in plant cell walls?

A) Magnesium B) Calcium C) Potassium D) Sulfur

21. The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3) is called:

A) Nitrification B) Denitrification C) Nitrogen fixation D) Ammonification

22. Which enzyme is involved in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite during nitrogen assimilation?

A) Nitrogenase B) Nitrate reductase C) Glutamine synthetase D) Glutamate synthase

23. Essential elements that are required in relatively larger amounts for plant growth are called:

A) Micronutrients B) Macronutrients C) Beneficial elements D) Trace elements

24. Which of the following is a micronutrient?

A) Nitrogen B) Phosphorus C) Potassium D) Zinc

25. A deficiency in Magnesium (Mg) directly impacts which process?

A) Cell wall formation B) ATP synthesis C) Photosynthesis D) Nitrogen fixation

26. Which element is a component of plastocyanin and is involved in electron transport during photosynthesis?

A) Iron B) Manganese C) Copper D) Molybdenum

27. The 'whip-tail' effect, characterized by malformed or absent leaves, is a deficiency symptom of:

A) Boron B) Molybdenum C) Zinc D) Copper

28. Plants absorb most mineral nutrients from the soil in the form of:

A) Solid particles B) Gases C) Dissolved ions D) Organic matter

29. Which of the following is NOT a primary role of Potassium (K) in plants?

A) Anion-cation balance B) Protein synthesis C) Water regulation (turgor pressure) D) Enzyme activation

30. A deficiency of Phosphorus (P) can lead to anthocyanin accumulation, resulting in:

A) Yellowing of leaves B) Reddish or purplish coloration of leaves C) White spots on leaves D) Leaf curling

31. Which micronutrient is required for the synthesis of auxin?

A) Manganese B) Boron C) Zinc D) Iron

32. The conversion of ammonia to glutamine, a key step in nitrogen assimilation, is catalyzed by the enzyme:

A) Nitrate reductase B) Glutamate synthase C) Glutamine synthetase D) Aspartate aminotransferase

33. Which element is involved in the synthesis of essential amino acids like cysteine and methionine?

A) Nitrogen B) Phosphorus C) Sulfur D) Potassium

34. Interveinal chlorosis in young leaves is a classic symptom of deficiency in:

A) Manganese B) Iron C) Magnesium D) Potassium

35. Which of the following is a function of Copper (Cu) in plants?

A) Activation of enzymes involved in photosynthesis and respiration B) Synthesis of chlorophyll C) Formation of middle lamella D) Transport of sugars

36. Stunted growth and delayed flowering are common symptoms of deficiency in:

A) Calcium B) Phosphorus C) Potassium D) Sulfur

37. Which element is involved in osmoregulation and maintaining cell turgor?

A) Calcium B) Magnesium C) Potassium D) Sodium

38. The process by which soil microorganisms convert organic nitrogen into ammonium ions is called:

A) Nitrification B) Denitrification C) Nitrogen fixation D) Ammonification

39. Which micronutrient is essential for the activity of carboxylase and superoxide dismutase enzymes?

A) Manganese B) Zinc C) Iron D) Copper

40. Deficiency of Calcium (Ca) often manifests as poor development of:

A) Roots and shoots B) Leaves C) Flowers D) Fruits

41. The conversion of nitrite (NO2-) to nitrate (NO3-) is carried out by the enzyme:

A) Nitrate reductase B) Nitrite reductase C) Nitrogenase D) Ammonia monooxygenase

42. Which of the following is a macronutrient that plays a role in energy transfer (ATP synthesis) and nucleic acid formation?

A) Sulfur B) Phosphorus C) Potassium D) Magnesium

43. A deficiency in Boron (B) can lead to impaired:

A) Photosynthesis B) Respiration C) Pollen germination and tube growth D) Nitrogen fixation

44. Which element is a component of ferredoxin and cytochromes, involved in electron transport?

A) Manganese B) Copper C) Iron D) Molybdenum

45. The deficiency symptom of 'marsh spot' in peas is associated with a lack of:

A) Manganese B) Boron C) Zinc D) Copper

46. Which of the following is a source of atmospheric nitrogen that plants can directly utilize?

A) N2 gas B) Ammonia (NH3) C) Nitrate (NO3-) D) Nitrite (NO2-)

47. Which enzyme is responsible for the assimilation of ammonia into organic compounds, forming glutamine?

A) Glutamate dehydrogenase B) Glutamine synthetase C) Aspartate aminotransferase D) Nitrate reductase

48. Plants absorb Nitrogen primarily as:

A) N2 gas B) Ammonium ions (NH4+) and nitrate ions (NO3-) C) Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) D) Nitrous oxide (N2O)

49. The deficiency of Chlorine (Cl-) can lead to:

A) Wilting of leaves B) Chlorosis and necrosis C) Stunted growth D) Increased resistance to drought

50. Which element is a component of the enzyme aconitase and is involved in the Krebs cycle?

A) Iron B) Manganese C) Zinc D) Copper

Mineral nutrition - macro and micronutrients, deficiency symptoms, nitrogen metabolism - Online Test

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