Plant growth and development - plant hormones auxin gibberellin cytokinin ethylene abscisic acid photoperiodism vernalization - Online Test

30:00

1. Which plant hormone is primarily responsible for cell elongation and root formation?

A) Gibberellin B) Cytokinin C) Auxin D) Abscisic Acid

2. Gibberellins are known for their role in promoting which of the following processes?

A) Fruit ripening B) Seed dormancy C) Stem elongation and breaking dormancy D) Senescence of leaves

3. Cytokinins are plant hormones that primarily promote:

A) Apical dominance B) Lateral bud growth and cell division C) Root initiation D) Stress response

4. Which gaseous plant hormone is most famous for accelerating fruit ripening?

A) Auxin B) Gibberellin C) Ethylene D) Abscisic Acid

5. Abscisic Acid (ABA) is generally considered a:

A) Growth promoter B) Stress hormone and inhibitor of growth C) Hormone involved in flowering D) Hormone regulating photosynthesis

6. Photoperiodism is the plant's response to:

A) Temperature changes B) Light duration C) Water availability D) Soil nutrient levels

7. Vernalization is a process by which a plant's flowering is promoted by:

A) Exposure to high temperatures B) Exposure to low temperatures C) Prolonged darkness D) Short day length

8. The phenomenon of apical dominance, where the terminal bud grows preferentially, is primarily regulated by:

A) Gibberellins B) Cytokinins C) Auxins D) Ethylene

9. Which hormone can be used commercially to promote flowering in pineapple plants?

A) Abscisic Acid B) Ethylene C) Auxin D) Gibberellin

10. Seed dormancy is often maintained by which plant hormone?

A) Cytokinin B) Auxin C) Gibberellin D) Abscisic Acid

11. The 'foolish seedling' or 'bakanae' disease of rice seedlings is caused by excessive production of which hormone?

A) Auxin B) Gibberellin C) Cytokinin D) Ethylene

12. Which hormone promotes the formation of callus and adventitious roots in tissue culture?

A) Gibberellin B) Abscisic Acid C) Cytokinin D) Auxin

13. The process of leaf senescence (aging) is generally promoted by:

A) Auxin B) Gibberellin C) Cytokinin D) Abscisic Acid and Ethylene

14. Short-day plants are those that flower when:

A) Day length is longer than a critical period B) Day length is shorter than a critical period C) Day and night lengths are equal D) There is no light

15. Long-day plants are those that flower when:

A) Day length is shorter than a critical period B) Day length is longer than a critical period C) Continuous darkness is provided D) Only artificial light is used

16. Day-neutral plants are plants that:

A) Flower only under long-day conditions B) Flower only under short-day conditions C) Flower irrespective of the day length D) Require vernalization to flower

17. The pigment involved in detecting photoperiod is:

A) Carotene B) Xanthophyll C) Phytochrome D) Chlorophyll

18. Which of the following is NOT a function of Auxin?

A) Promotes cell elongation B) Induces root formation at low concentrations C) Inhibits lateral bud growth D) Promotes fruit development

19. Which hormone is synthesized in the root tips and transported upwards?

A) Cytokinin B) Gibberellin C) Abscisic Acid D) Ethylene

20. The phenomenon of etiolation in plants grown in darkness is characterized by:

A) Short, sturdy stems and green leaves B) Long, weak stems, pale color, and unexpanded leaves C) Rapid flowering D) Thickened roots

21. Which hormone is involved in stomatal closure during water stress?

A) Gibberellin B) Ethylene C) Abscisic Acid D) Cytokinin

22. The synthesis of Gibberellins occurs mainly in:

A) Root tips and young leaves B) Mature leaves C) Flowers D) Fruits

23. Which plant hormone can break seed dormancy and promote germination?

A) Abscisic Acid B) Ethylene C) Gibberellin D) Cytokinin

24. The 'triple response' in seedlings, characterized by inhibition of stem elongation, thickening of stem, and horizontal growth, is induced by:

A) Auxin B) Gibberellin C) Ethylene D) Abscisic Acid

25. Cytokinins primarily affect cell division and differentiation in:

A) Roots B) Stems C) Meristematic tissues and differentiating tissues D) Mature leaves

26. Which hormone is often referred to as the 'stress hormone'?

A) Ethylene B) Auxin C) Gibberellin D) Abscisic Acid

27. Photoperiodism plays a crucial role in regulating:

A) Nutrient uptake B) Flowering time C) Water absorption D) Photosynthetic rate

28. Vernalization is a process that ensures flowering occurs:

A) Only after a period of drought B) Only after experiencing winter conditions C) Immediately after germination D) During the summer solstice

29. What is the primary role of phytochrome in photoperiodism?

A) To absorb light energy for photosynthesis B) To detect the duration of light and darkness C) To regulate water potential in cells D) To synthesize plant hormones

30. Auxin is synthesized in:

A) Root tips and developing seeds B) Mature leaves C) Xylem vessels D) Phloem sieve tubes

31. Which hormone promotes bolting (elongation of the internodes) in plants like cabbage?

A) Auxin B) Cytokinin C) Gibberellin D) Ethylene

32. The concentration of which hormone is high in dormant seeds and buds?

A) Gibberellin B) Ethylene C) Cytokinin D) Abscisic Acid

33. Ethylene is produced in:

A) Meristematic tissues B) Developing fruits and senescing leaves C) Root tips D) Xylem

34. Which of the following is a critical factor in determining whether a plant is a short-day, long-day, or day-neutral plant?

A) Soil pH B) Humidity C) Critical duration of light or darkness D) Wind speed

35. The process of moving a plant from a cold environment to a warm environment to induce flowering is an example of:

A) Photoperiodism B) Vernalization C) Stratification D) Scarification

36. Which hormone is involved in delaying senescence and maintaining the 'greenness' of leaves?

A) Abscisic Acid B) Ethylene C) Cytokinin D) Gibberellin

37. The phenomenon where roots grow away from light and shoots grow towards light is called:

A) Geotropism B) Phototropism C) Thigmotropism D) Hydrotropism

38. Which hormone is synthesized primarily in the developing leaves and seeds?

A) Gibberellin B) Auxin C) Cytokinin D) Ethylene

39. Ethylene promotes abscission (shedding) of:

A) Roots B) Mature leaves and flowers C) Xylem D) Phloem

40. A plant that flowers in response to a continuous night of 8 hours and a day of 16 hours would be classified as a:

A) Short-day plant B) Long-day plant C) Day-neutral plant D) Intermediate-day plant

41. The process of breaking seed dormancy by exposing seeds to cold temperatures is known as:

A) Stratification B) Vernalization C) Scarification D) Gibberellin treatment

42. Which hormone is essential for the formation of vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)?

A) Gibberellin B) Ethylene C) Auxin and Cytokinin D) Abscisic Acid

43. Which hormone plays a role in the formation of adventitious roots on stem cuttings?

A) Gibberellin B) Abscisic Acid C) Ethylene D) Auxin

44. The phenomenon of flowering in plants like soybeans, which flower irrespective of the day length, indicates they are:

A) Short-day plants B) Long-day plants C) Day-neutral plants D) Obligate short-day plants

45. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of etiolated plants?

A) Elongated internodes B) Reduced leaf expansion C) Presence of chlorophyll D) Pale yellow or white color

46. The hormone that counteracts the effect of ABA in breaking seed dormancy is:

A) Auxin B) Gibberellin C) Cytokinin D) Ethylene

47. Which plant hormone promotes the formation of female flowers in certain species like cucumber?

A) Auxin B) Gibberellin C) Cytokinin D) Ethylene

48. The term 'phytochrome' is most closely associated with the plant's ability to perceive:

A) Gravity B) Touch C) Light quality and quantity D) Temperature

49. Which hormone is synthesized in the developing seeds and plays a role in embryo development and seed dormancy?

A) Gibberellin B) Auxin C) Abscisic Acid D) Cytokinin

50. The inhibition of lateral bud growth by the terminal bud is known as apical dominance and is primarily mediated by:

A) High levels of Cytokinin and low levels of Auxin B) Low levels of Cytokinin and high levels of Auxin C) High levels of Gibberellin D) High levels of Ethylene

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