Aldehydes and ketones nucleophilic addition Grignard reagent oxidation and reduction - Question Bank
1. The Cannizzaro reaction is a disproportionation reaction observed with aldehydes that do not have an alpha-hydrogen atom. In this reaction, one molecule is oxidized to a carboxylic acid salt, and another is reduced to:
2. The electron-withdrawing effect of substituents on the carbonyl carbon increases its electrophilicity and thus reactivity towards nucleophilic addition. Which aldehyde is most reactive?
3. Steric hindrance around the carbonyl group generally decreases reactivity towards nucleophilic addition. Which ketone is least sterically hindered?
4. Which statement is true regarding the reactivity of aldehydes and ketones towards nucleophilic addition?
5. The reaction of aldehydes and ketones with semicarbazide forms:
6. Reactions of aldehydes and ketones with ammonia derivatives like hydroxylamine (NH2OH) or phenylhydrazine (C6H5NHNH2) lead to the formation of:
7. Which of the following reactions involves the addition of a nucleophile to the carbonyl carbon, followed by elimination of a leaving group?
8. The Clemmensen reduction is another method for reducing the carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones to an alkane, using:
9. In Wolff-Kishner reduction, the reaction proceeds via the formation of a hydrazone which is then heated in the presence of a strong base like:
10. The Wolff-Kishner reduction is used to convert a carbonyl group of aldehydes and ketones into:
11. When a Grignard reagent reacts with an ester, it typically leads to the formation of:
12. Which of the following is NOT a product of the reaction between a Grignard reagent and an ester?
13. The reaction of an alkene with ozone followed by reductive workup (e.g., Zn/H2O or (CH3)2S) is called ozonolysis and yields:
14. Which of the following is a common method for the preparation of ketones?
15. Which of the following is a common method for the preparation of aldehydes?
16. The bisulfite adducts formed from aldehydes and ketones are generally:
17. The reaction of aldehydes and ketones with sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) forms:
18. Which type of aldehydes give a positive test with Fehling's solution?
19. A positive Fehling's test results in the formation of a precipitate of:
20. Fehling's solution is another reagent used to test for:
21. Ketones do not react with Tollens' reagent under normal conditions, hence they are:
22. In Tollens' test, aldehydes are oxidized by Tollens' reagent (ammoniacal silver nitrate) to form:
23. Which of the following reactions is used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones?
24. Further reaction of hemiacetals with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst yields:
25. The reaction of aldehydes with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst forms:
26. Which reaction is characteristic of aldehydes but not ketones (under mild conditions)?
27. Strong oxidizing agents like KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 typically oxidize secondary alcohols to:
28. Strong oxidizing agents like KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 typically oxidize primary alcohols to:
29. Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) is a mild oxidizing agent that selectively oxidizes primary alcohols to:
30. Which of the following reagents is used for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes?
31. Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) is a stronger reducing agent than NaBH4 and also reduces:
32. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduces aldehydes and ketones to:
33. Which of the following is a common reducing agent used for aldehydes and ketones?
34. Reaction of a Grignard reagent with a ketone followed by hydrolysis yields:
35. Reaction of a Grignard reagent with an aldehyde (other than formaldehyde) followed by hydrolysis yields:
36. Reaction of a Grignard reagent with formaldehyde followed by hydrolysis yields:
37. Grignard reagents act as which type of species in their reaction with aldehydes and ketones?
38. Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds with the general formula:
39. The reaction of aldehydes and ketones with HCN in the presence of a base forms:
40. Which reagent is commonly used for the nucleophilic addition reaction with aldehydes and ketones to form cyanohydrins?
41. In the nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones, the carbon atom of the carbonyl group is:
42. Nucleophilic addition to aldehydes and ketones involves the attack of a nucleophile on which atom?
43. Which of the following is the simplest ketone?
44. Which of the following is the simplest aldehyde?
45. The general formula for aliphatic ketones is:
46. The general formula for aliphatic aldehydes is:
47. In ketones, the carbonyl group is attached to:
48. In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is attached to:
49. Which functional group is characteristic of aldehydes and ketones?