Cardiovascular system – heart structure, cardiac cycle, ECG - Question Bank
1. The electrical impulse travels from the SA node to the AV node through the:
2. During atrial systole, which valves are open?
3. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the myocardium?
4. The Q wave on an ECG represents:
5. What is the average heart rate for a healthy adult at rest?
6. Which artery supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself?
7. The pulmonary valve is located between the:
8. What is the term for the contraction of the ventricles during the cardiac cycle?
9. What is the term for the relaxation of the atria during the cardiac cycle?
10. Elevation of the ST segment on an ECG is often indicative of:
11. The ST segment on an ECG represents:
12. A prolonged PR interval on an ECG may indicate:
13. The PR interval on an ECG represents the time from the beginning of atrial depolarization to the beginning of:
14. The P wave on an ECG represents:
15. An elevated afterload typically leads to:
16. What is afterload in the context of the cardiac cycle?
17. What is preload in the context of the cardiac cycle?
18. Which of the following factors can increase stroke volume?
19. The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each beat is called:
20. Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying:
21. What is the term for the volume of blood pumped by the left ventricle per minute?
22. The parasympathetic nervous system, primarily via the vagus nerve, generally has what effect on heart rate?
23. The sympathetic nervous system generally has what effect on heart rate?
24. What are Purkinje fibers responsible for?
25. The electrical impulse travels from the AV node to the ventricles via the:
26. What is the primary role of the AV node in the cardiac conduction system?
27. The AV node is located between which two chambers?
28. The SA node is located in the wall of which chamber?
29. Which part of the cardiac conduction system initiates the electrical impulse that triggers a heartbeat?
30. An ECG measures the:
31. What does the T wave on an ECG represent?
32. The QRS complex on an ECG represents:
33. What electrical event in the heart precedes atrial contraction?
34. What is the average duration of the cardiac cycle in a resting adult?
35. The second heart sound ('dub') is produced by the closure of which valves?
36. The first heart sound ('lub') is produced by the closure of which valves?
37. During ventricular diastole, which valves open?
38. During ventricular systole, which valves close?
39. What is the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle called?
40. What is the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle called?
41. The cardiac cycle begins with:
42. The sac that surrounds and protects the heart is known as the:
43. The inner lining of the heart chambers and valves is made up of:
44. The muscular wall of the heart is called the:
45. Which valve controls the flow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta?
46. The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is called the:
47. Which valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium?
48. Oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to which chamber of the heart?
49. Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
50. What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?