Concepts of acids and bases including HSAB, Bronsted‑Lowry and Lewis theories - Question Bank
1. Which of the following is a characteristic of a 'hard' acid in HSAB theory?
2. The most general definition of acids and bases is provided by the:
3. According to the Arrhenius definition, a substance that produces OH- ions in water is a:
4. Which of the following is NOT a Bronsted-Lowry base?
5. In the reaction: NH4+ <=> NH3 + H+. NH4+ is acting as:
6. Which theory correctly explains the acidity of BF3?
7. According to the HSAB principle, stability is generally observed when:
8. Which of the following is a strong Lewis base?
9. The conjugate base of H2SO4 is:
10. Which of the following is a characteristic of a hard base?
11. In the reaction: CO2 + H2O <=> H2CO3, CO2 acts as a:
12. According to Lewis theory, the reaction between H+ and NH3 forms:
13. Which of the following metal oxides is amphoteric?
14. The strength of a Bronsted-Lowry acid is related to its ability to:
15. Which of the following is a common example of a Lewis acid used in organic chemistry?
16. According to the Bronsted-Lowry definition, when HCl reacts with NaOH, which species acts as the acid?
17. The reaction between a Lewis acid and a Lewis base forms:
18. Which of the following is a characteristic of a 'soft' species in HSAB theory?
19. According to HSAB theory, which factor contributes to a species being classified as 'hard'?
20. The Lewis acid-base reaction involves the formation of a coordinate covalent bond. This is also known as:
21. Which of the following species is amphoteric, meaning it can act as both an acid and a base according to Bronsted-Lowry theory?
22. In the context of Lewis acids, which species can act as an acid by accepting a pair of electrons?
23. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a strong acid according to Arrhenius?
24. According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, a conjugate acid-base pair differs by:
25. Which of the following species is a strong Lewis acid due to its vacant p-orbital?
26. Which of the following metal ions is considered a hard acid?
27. In the reaction: Ag+ + 2CN- -> [Ag(CN)2]-. Silver ion (Ag+) is a soft acid and cyanide ion (CN-) is a soft base. This aligns with:
28. The principle 'Hard acids prefer to bind with hard bases and soft acids prefer to bind with soft bases' is the core of:
29. Which of the following is an example of a soft base?
30. Which of the following is an example of a hard base?
31. According to HSAB theory, 'soft' bases tend to bind with:
32. Which of the following is an example of a soft acid?
33. Which of the following is an example of a hard acid?
34. According to HSAB theory, 'hard' acids tend to bind with:
35. The Hard-Soft Acid-Base (HSAB) theory classifies acids and bases based on their:
36. All Bronsted-Lowry bases are also Lewis bases, but the reverse is not always true. This statement is:
37. All Bronsted-Lowry acids are also Lewis acids, but the reverse is not always true. This statement is:
38. Which theory provides the broadest definition of acids and bases?
39. Which of the following is a Lewis base?
40. Consider the reaction: BF3 + :NH3 -> F3B:NH3. According to Lewis theory, which species acts as a Lewis base?
41. In the Lewis theory, a base is defined as:
42. Which of the following species is a Lewis acid?
43. According to the Lewis theory, an acid is a substance that:
44. The conjugate base of the hydronium ion (H3O+) is:
45. What is the conjugate acid of water (H2O) in the Bronsted-Lowry theory?
46. In the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction, NH3 + H2O <=> NH4+ + OH-, which species acts as a base?
47. Consider the reaction: HCl + H2O <=> H3O+ + Cl-. According to Bronsted-Lowry theory, which species is acting as an acid?
48. In the Bronsted-Lowry theory, a base is defined as:
49. Which of the following is a characteristic property of a base according to Arrhenius?
50. According to the Arrhenius theory, an acid is a substance that: