Diazonium salts and their importance in synthetic organic chemistry - Question Bank
1. Which of the following reactions involving diazonium salts is MOST suitable for preparing diarylamines?
2. The azo coupling reaction is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution where the diazonium ion acts as the:
3. When benzene diazonium chloride is treated with potassium nitrite in the presence of copper, the product formed is:
4. The Sandmeyer reaction is particularly useful for the synthesis of:
5. The reaction of benzene diazonium chloride with ethanol can lead to the formation of:
6. Which of the following statements about diazonium salts is FALSE?
7. The replacement of the diazonium group by a hydroxyl group is often achieved by:
8. In the Gomberg-Bachmann reaction, a diazonium salt is reacted with another aromatic compound in the presence of:
9. Which of the following diazonium salt reactions is primarily used for the synthesis of biaryls?
10. A primary aromatic amine is converted to a diazonium salt using nitrous acid generated in situ. What is the active species of nitrous acid?
11. The synthesis of 4-bromophenol from 4-bromoaniline would involve diazotization followed by reaction with:
12. In the context of diazonium salts, 'diazotization' refers to:
13. The reaction of diazonium salts with sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) can lead to:
14. What is the role of copper(I) salts in the Sandmeyer reaction?
15. The stability of diazonium salts is influenced by the aromatic ring. Electron-donating groups on the ring generally make the diazonium salt:
16. Which of the following is an example of an azo dye?
17. The diazonium group can be replaced by iodine using potassium iodide. This reaction is an example of:
18. The synthesis of benzonitrile from aniline involves diazotization followed by reaction with:
19. The Schiemann reaction is a specific name for the Balz-Schiemann reaction when introducing:
20. If an aromatic amine is treated with NaNO₂ and H₂SO₄ at low temperature, and then the resulting diazonium salt is treated with H₂O/heat, what is the main product?
21. Which of the following is a key reason for the importance of diazonium salts in synthetic organic chemistry?
22. The reaction of diazonium salts with SnCl₂/HCl leads to the formation of:
23. Azo compounds are characterized by the presence of two aryl groups attached to the azo linkage (-N=N-). What is the typical synthesis route for these compounds?
24. When benzene diazonium chloride is heated with copper powder and HCl, what is the product?
25. The introduction of a cyano group (-CN) onto an aromatic ring using a diazonium salt is achieved through which reaction?
26. Which of the following is NOT a typical synthetic application of diazonium salts?
27. The diazonium group (-N₂⁺) is an excellent leaving group because it departs as:
28. Why are aliphatic diazonium salts less stable and generally not isolated?
29. The synthesis of iodobenzene from aniline involves the formation of a diazonium salt followed by reaction with:
30. Which reaction allows for the conversion of an aniline derivative to a phenol derivative via a diazonium salt intermediate?
31. Diazonium salts are important synthetic intermediates because they are versatile in undergoing:
32. The decomposition of diazonium salts is often accompanied by the evolution of:
33. In the Balz-Schiemann reaction, the diazonium salt is treated with:
34. The Balz-Schiemann reaction is used to introduce which group onto an aromatic ring?
35. Which of the following compounds can be synthesized using diazonium salts as intermediates?
36. The presence of the -N=N- group in azo compounds is responsible for their characteristic:
37. What type of dye is formed as a result of azo coupling reactions?
38. The pH conditions for azo coupling are important. Coupling with phenols usually occurs under slightly alkaline conditions, while coupling with aromatic amines occurs under:
39. Azo coupling reactions typically occur between a diazonium salt and:
40. Which of the following is a characteristic reaction of diazonium salts that leads to the formation of azo compounds?
41. The reaction of a diazonium salt with hypophosphorous acid (H₃PO₂) is a method for:
42. When a diazonium salt reacts with water at higher temperatures, what is the major product formed?
43. What is the Gattermann reaction, and how does it differ from the Sandmeyer reaction?
44. In the Sandmeyer reaction, which copper(I) salt is commonly used to introduce a chlorine atom onto the aromatic ring?
45. The Sandmeyer reaction is a crucial reaction involving diazonium salts. What is the typical outcome of the Sandmeyer reaction?
46. Which of the following is a characteristic property of aromatic diazonium salts?
47. At what temperature range is the diazotization reaction usually carried out to ensure the stability of the diazonium salt?
48. Diazotization is the process of converting primary aromatic amines into diazonium salts. What reagent is typically used for this reaction?
49. What is the general formula for a diazonium salt?