Elements and compounds acids bases salts petroleum products fertilizers pesticides metallurgy and food adulterants. - Question Bank

1. Which of the following is an amphoteric substance, meaning it can act as both an acid and a base?
A) Sodium hydroxide
B) Sulfuric acid
C) Water
D) Ammonia
2. What is the chemical formula for calcium carbonate?
A) Ca(OH)2
B) CaO
C) CaCO3
D) CaSO4
3. Which non-metal is crucial for the formation of all organic compounds?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Sulfur
D) Carbon
4. The presence of 'benzoic acid' in food products often indicates:
A) Natural flavoring
B) Preservative
C) Sweetener
D) Thickener
5. Which process involves heating an ore in the presence of excess air to convert it into its oxide?
A) Smelting
B) Roasting
C) Reduction
D) Calcination
6. What is the main metal present in stainless steel?
A) Copper
B) Aluminum
C) Iron
D) Chromium
7. Which of the following is a systemic insecticide, absorbed by the plant and toxic to pests that feed on it?
A) Pyrethroids
B) Neonicotinoids
C) Organochlorines
D) Organophosphates
8. Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is a type of fertilizer known as:
A) Nitrogenous fertilizer
B) Phosphatic fertilizer
C) Potassic fertilizer
D) Complex fertilizer
9. Which fraction of petroleum is used as fuel for diesel engines?
A) Gasoline
B) Kerosene
C) Diesel oil
D) Lubricating oil
10. A substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base is called a(n):
A) Catalyst
B) Indicator
C) Emulsifier
D) Stabilizer
11. Which acid is found in vinegar?
A) Formic acid
B) Acetic acid
C) Citric acid
D) Lactic acid
12. What is the chemical symbol for iron?
A) Ir
B) I
C) Fe
D) In
13. Which of the following is a common adulterant in ground spices, used to enhance color?
A) Water
B) Sawdust
C) Artificial colors like Sudan dyes
D) Salt
14. The Bessemer process is used for the production of:
A) Aluminum
B) Copper
C) Steel
D) Zinc
15. Which metal is extracted from the ore galena?
A) Copper
B) Lead
C) Zinc
D) Tin
16. DDT (Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane) is a pesticide that has been banned in many countries due to its:
A) Rapid biodegradability
B) Low toxicity to non-target organisms
C) Persistence and bioaccumulation
D) High solubility in water
17. Which element is a primary macronutrient for plants, crucial for photosynthesis?
A) Potassium
B) Phosphorus
C) Nitrogen
D) Calcium
18. What is the main component of LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)?
A) Methane and ethane
B) Propane and butane
C) Ethylene and acetylene
D) Benzene and toluene
19. Which term describes a substance that can neutralize an acid?
A) Indicator
B) Solvent
C) Base
D) Catalyst
20. What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?
A) HNO3
B) HCl
C) H2SO4
D) H3PO4
21. Which element is the most abundant in the Earth's crust?
A) Silicon
B) Aluminum
C) Oxygen
D) Iron
22. Adulteration of chili powder with brick dust is done to:
A) Increase spiciness
B) Improve color
C) Increase weight and volume
D) Add nutritional value
23. Which method is used to extract highly reactive metals like sodium from their molten salts?
A) Smelting
B) Electrolysis
C) Reduction with carbon
D) Displacement
24. The process of converting iron ore into iron is called:
A) Roasting
B) Calcination
C) Smelting
D) Bessemerization
25. Which of the following is a selective herbicide, meaning it targets specific weeds?
A) Paraquat
B) Glyphosate
C) 2,4-D
D) Atrazine
26. What is the main purpose of adding fertilizers to soil?
A) To increase soil acidity
B) To improve soil structure
C) To provide essential nutrients for plant growth
D) To kill harmful microorganisms
27. Which gas is produced during the fractional distillation of petroleum and used as LPG?
A) Methane
B) Ethane
C) Propane and Butane
D) Pentane
28. What is formed when an acid reacts with a base?
A) Water and a salt
B) Only water
C) Only a salt
D) An oxide
29. Which of the following is a non-metal that is a liquid at room temperature?
A) Mercury
B) Bromine
C) Iodine
D) Sulfur
30. The adulteration of turmeric powder with which substance is common?
A) Metanil yellow
B) Lead chromate
C) Starch
D) Carbon black
31. Which process is used to purify impure metals by melting them and allowing them to solidify?
A) Distillation
B) Filtration
C) Crystallization
D) Zone refining
32. What is the primary ore of iron?
A) Bauxite
B) Haematite
C) Chalcopyrite
D) Galena
33. Organophosphates are a class of:
A) Fertilizers
B) Herbicides
C) Insecticides
D) Fungicides
34. Which fertilizer provides phosphorus to plants?
A) Urea
B) Potash
C) Superphosphate
D) Ammonium nitrate
35. What is the main use of asphalt, a product of petroleum distillation?
A) Fuel for heating
B) Road construction
C) Manufacturing plastics
D) Lubricant
36. Which type of compound typically turns red litmus paper blue?
A) Acid
B) Base
C) Salt
D) Oxide
37. What is the chemical formula for common salt?
A) KOH
B) H2SO4
C) NaCl
D) CaCO3
38. Which element is essential for the formation of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
A) Calcium
B) Iron
C) Magnesium
D) Potassium
39. What is the common adulterant found in milk?
A) Starch
B) Water
C) Formaldehyde
D) Urea
40. Which metal is extracted from bauxite ore?
A) Iron
B) Copper
C) Aluminum
D) Zinc
41. What is the process of extracting a metal from its ore called?
A) Refining
B) Smelting
C) Electrolysis
D) Metallurgy
42. Which of the following is a widely used insecticide?
A) Potash
B) DDT
C) Superphosphate
D) Ammonia
43. What is the primary nutrient in urea, a common fertilizer?
A) Phosphorus
B) Potassium
C) Nitrogen
D) Sulfur
44. Which petroleum product is primarily used as fuel for jet engines?
A) Gasoline
B) Kerosene
C) Diesel
D) Lubricating oil
45. What is the main component of natural gas?
A) Ethane
B) Propane
C) Methane
D) Butane
46. Which of the following is a common household base?
A) Vinegar
B) Lemon juice
C) Baking soda
D) Distilled water
47. What is the pH of a neutral solution?
A) 0
B) 7
C) 14
D) 1
48. Which of the following is a strong acid?
A) Acetic acid
B) Carbonic acid
C) Hydrochloric acid
D) Citric acid
49. What is the chemical symbol for gold?
A) Ag
B) Au
C) Fe
D) Cu
50. Which of the following is a noble gas?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Helium
D) Hydrogen
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