Environment, biodiversity and disaster management. - Question Bank

1. Which of the following is a measure for mitigating floods?
A) Building on floodplains
B) Deforestation near rivers
C) Constructing dams and levees
D) Ignoring early warning systems
2. What is the term for the relationship between two species where both benefit?
A) Parasitism
B) Commensalism
C) Mutualism
D) Predation
3. Which international agreement focuses on the conservation of biological diversity?
A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Montreal Protocol
C) Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
D) Paris Agreement
4. What is the process of burning waste materials at high temperatures?
A) Landfilling
B) Recycling
C) Composting
D) Incineration
5. Which of the following is a major source of methane emissions?
A) Volcanic activity
B) Forest fires
C) Livestock farming and landfills
D) Ocean currents
6. What is the term for the variety of ecosystems in a given region?
A) Species diversity
B) Genetic diversity
C) Ecosystem diversity
D) Habitat diversity
7. Which renewable energy source uses the kinetic energy of moving water?
A) Solar energy
B) Wind energy
C) Hydroelectric energy
D) Biomass energy
8. What is the main purpose of a 'National Park'?
A) Industrial development
B) Urban expansion
C) Conservation of natural environment and wildlife
D) Tourism promotion only
9. Which type of pollution is caused by excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture?
A) Air pollution
B) Noise pollution
C) Water pollution
D) Soil pollution
10. What is the term for the gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere?
A) Climate change
B) Global warming
C) Greenhouse effect
D) Ozone depletion
11. Which of the following is a key component of a food web?
A) Energy flow
B) Nutrient cycling
C) Predator-prey relationships
D) All of the above
12. What is the process by which water vapor changes into liquid water, forming clouds?
A) Evaporation
B) Condensation
C) Precipitation
D) Transpiration
13. Which disaster management phase involves immediate response and relief efforts?
A) Mitigation
B) Preparedness
C) Response
D) Recovery
14. What is the term for a species that has died out completely?
A) Endangered
B) Vulnerable
C) Extinct
D) Threatened
15. Which of the following is a major cause of climate change?
A) Volcanic eruptions
B) Increased solar activity
C) Human activities releasing greenhouse gases
D) Deforestation for agricultural land
16. What is 'biodiversity' crucial for?
A) Causing ecological imbalance
B) Ensuring ecosystem stability and resilience
C) Promoting the spread of diseases
D) Reducing natural resources
17. Which international organization is dedicated to environmental protection and sustainable development?
A) WHO
B) IMF
C) UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
D) WTO
18. What is the primary goal of disaster preparedness?
A) To react to disasters after they occur
B) To minimize the impact of disasters through planning and training
C) To prevent all natural disasters
D) To rebuild communities after a disaster
19. Which type of energy is derived from the heat within the Earth?
A) Solar energy
B) Wind energy
C) Geothermal energy
D) Hydroelectric energy
20. What is the term for the process of land becoming desert-like due to human activities or climate change?
A) Afforestation
B) Reforestation
C) Desertification
D) Urbanization
21. Which of the following is an example of a primary producer in an ecosystem?
A) Lion
B) Deer
C) Grass
D) Fungi
22. What is the 'Paris Agreement' an international treaty on?
A) Biodiversity conservation
B) Climate change and greenhouse gas emissions
C) Water resource management
D) Ocean protection
23. Which of the following is a significant source of water pollution?
A) Rainfall
B) Sewage and industrial discharge
C) Evaporation
D) Groundwater recharge
24. What is the term for a large area of land with specific climate, soil, and vegetation characteristics?
A) Biome
B) Habitat
C) Ecosystem
D) Niche
25. Which environmental issue is characterized by the thinning of the Earth's protective layer that shields life from harmful ultraviolet radiation?
A) Global warming
B) Ozone depletion
C) Acidification
D) Eutrophication
26. What is the primary goal of 'Ecotourism'?
A) Mass tourism with minimal regulation
B) Tourism that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people
C) Adventure tourism focused on extreme sports
D) Business travel for corporate retreats
27. Which natural disaster poses the greatest threat to coastal communities?
A) Drought
B) Earthquake
C) Tsunami
D) Volcanic eruption
28. What is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects?
A) Incineration
B) Landfilling
C) Recycling
D) Composting
29. Which of the following is a critical component of sustainable development?
A) Maximizing resource depletion
B) Balancing economic, social, and environmental needs
C) Prioritizing industrial growth over environmental protection
D) Ignoring the needs of future generations
30. What is the main role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?
A) To fund climate change research
B) To provide scientific assessments on climate change
C) To enforce climate treaties
D) To develop renewable energy technologies
31. Which term describes the intentional introduction of a species into an ecosystem where it does not naturally occur?
A) Endemism
B) Invasive species
C) Native species
D) Symbiosis
32. What is the 'Kyoto Protocol' primarily concerned with?
A) Protection of endangered species
B) Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
C) Management of water resources
D) Control of plastic pollution
33. Which of the following is a type of natural disaster caused by volcanic activity?
A) Tsunami
B) Hurricane
C) Landslide
D) Volcanic eruption
34. What is the primary gas released during the combustion of fossil fuels that contributes to air pollution?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Sulfur Dioxide
D) Hydrogen
35. Which renewable energy source harnesses the power of moving air?
A) Geothermal energy
B) Solar energy
C) Wind energy
D) Tidal energy
36. What is the main objective of conservation of biodiversity?
A) To reduce the number of species
B) To maintain ecological balance and prevent extinction
C) To increase the spread of invasive species
D) To exploit natural resources rapidly
37. Which of the following is a consequence of deforestation?
A) Increased rainfall
B) Habitat loss and desertification
C) Improved soil fertility
D) Enhanced biodiversity
38. What is 'biomagnification'?
A) The process of plants growing larger
B) The accumulation of toxins in organisms at successively higher levels in a food chain
C) The conversion of biomass into energy
D) The study of biological organisms
39. Which organization is the nodal agency for disaster management in India?
A) ISRO
B) DRDO
C) NDMA (National Disaster Management Authority)
D) CBI
40. What does 'acid rain' primarily damage?
A) Buildings and forests
B) Ozone layer
C) Groundwater reserves
D) Atmospheric pressure
41. Which of the following is a major threat to marine biodiversity?
A) Sustainable fishing practices
B) Ocean acidification and pollution
C) Coral reef restoration
D) Mangrove plantation
42. What is the primary function of wetlands in disaster management?
A) Increasing water pollution
B) Absorbing floodwaters and reducing storm surge impact
C) Causing soil salinization
D) Promoting drought conditions
43. Which type of disaster is characterized by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust?
A) Flood
B) Drought
C) Earthquake
D) Landslide
44. What is a 'biodome'?
A) A type of artificial forest
B) A sealed environment containing plants and animals
C) A device for measuring pollution
D) A method of water purification
45. Which international treaty aims to protect the ozone layer?
A) Kyoto Protocol
B) Paris Agreement
C) Montreal Protocol
D) Rio Declaration
46. What is the main cause of soil erosion?
A) Afforestation
B) Overgrazing and deforestation
C) Rainfall conservation
D) Terrace farming
47. Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?
A) Wind Energy
B) Hydroelectric Power
C) Uranium
D) Biomass
48. What is the term for the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem?
A) Ecology
B) Biodiversity
C) Biogeography
D) Evolution
49. Which gas is primarily responsible for the greenhouse effect?
A) Nitrogen
B) Oxygen
C) Carbon Dioxide
D) Argon
50. What is the process by which plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen?
A) Respiration
B) Transpiration
C) Photosynthesis
D) Decomposition
All Question Banks
E-Book Environment, biodiversity and disaster management. One Line Questions Environment, biodiversity and disaster management. Online Test Environment, biodiversity and disaster management.