equilibrium of forces laws of motion friction stress strain elastic constants bending moments shear force diagrams torsion buckling of columns thin walled pressure vessels - Question Bank

1. For a thin-walled pressure vessel, the stress intensity (difference between maximum and minimum principal stresses) is equal to the:
A) Longitudinal stress
B) Hoop stress
C) Average of hoop and longitudinal stress
D) Sum of hoop and longitudinal stress
2. In the context of column buckling, the term 'crippling load' is synonymous with:
A) Yield load
B) Ultimate load
C) Critical load
D) Fatigue load
3. For a solid circular shaft, the maximum shear stress due to torsion is proportional to the:
A) Cube of the radius
B) Square of the radius
C) Radius
D) Fourth power of the radius
4. The product of Young's modulus and the polar moment of inertia is related to the:
A) Torsional rigidity
B) Flexural rigidity
C) Shear rigidity
D) Compressive rigidity
5. If a beam is subjected to pure bending, the shear force is:
A) Maximum
B) Minimum
C) Zero
D) Variable
6. Which of the following is an elastic constant?
A) Shear stress
B) Shear strain
C) Shear modulus
D) Poisson's ratio
7. The maximum shear stress in a thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessel is approximately:
A) Equal to hoop stress
B) Half of hoop stress
C) Twice hoop stress
D) Equal to longitudinal stress
8. In a thin-walled pressure vessel, the maximum stress occurs in which direction?
A) Axial
B) Radial
C) Circumferential (Hoop)
D) Tangential
9. The critical buckling load for a column with both ends fixed is:
A) Equal to Euler's load for pinned ends
B) Twice Euler's load for pinned ends
C) Four times Euler's load for pinned ends
D) Half Euler's load for pinned ends
10. The critical buckling load for a column with one end fixed and the other end free is given by P = π²EI/(Le)² where Le is:
A) The actual length of the column
B) Half the actual length
C) Twice the actual length
D) The effective length
11. The maximum shear stress in a solid circular shaft subjected to torsion occurs at the:
A) Center
B) Surface
C) Mid-radius
D) It is uniform throughout
12. For a rectangular cross-section of width 'b' and depth 'd', the section modulus (Z) is:
A) bd²/2
B) b²d/2
C) bd³/6
D) b³d/6
13. In a bending moment diagram, the area under the shear force diagram between two sections represents the:
A) Shear force at the sections
B) Bending moment at the sections
C) Change in bending moment between the sections
D) Torque between the sections
14. A beam that is supported at both ends and carries a load between the supports is called a:
A) Cantilever beam
B) Overhanging beam
C) Simply supported beam
D) Fixed beam
15. The ability of a material to absorb energy up to fracture is called:
A) Stiffness
B) Hardness
C) Toughness
D) Ductility
16. The maximum stress that a material can withstand without permanent deformation is known as the:
A) Yield strength
B) Ultimate tensile strength
C) Elastic limit
D) Fatigue strength
17. When a body is sliding down an inclined plane, the angle of friction is related to the angle of inclination by:
A) tan(friction angle) = tan(inclination angle)
B) tan(friction angle) > tan(inclination angle)
C) tan(friction angle) < tan(inclination angle)
D) sin(friction angle) = sin(inclination angle)
18. The coefficient of kinetic friction is typically:
A) Higher than static friction
B) Lower than static friction
C) Equal to static friction
D) Zero
19. A force system is in equilibrium if the algebraic sum of moments about any point is:
A) Zero
B) Maximum
C) Minimum
D) Equal to the resultant force
20. The point on the stress-strain curve where the material begins to deform plastically is called the:
A) Ultimate tensile strength
B) Fracture point
C) Yield point
D) Elastic limit
21. A material that can undergo large plastic deformation before fracture is called:
A) Brittle
B) Ductile
C) Elastic
D) Hard
22. Which of the following is a unit of strain?
A) N/m
B) m/m
C) N-m
D) Pa
23. Which of the following is a unit of stress?
A) N-m
B) N/m
C) N/m²
D) m/N
24. For a thin-walled spherical pressure vessel, the stress in any direction tangential to the surface is:
A) pd/t
B) pd/2t
C) pt/d
D) pt/2d
25. Hoop stress in a thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessel is generally:
A) Equal to longitudinal stress
B) Half of the longitudinal stress
C) Twice the longitudinal stress
D) Unrelated to longitudinal stress
26. In a thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessel, the longitudinal stress (axial stress) is given by:
A) pd/2t
B) pd/t
C) pt/2d
D) pt/d
27. In a thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessel, the hoop stress (circumferential stress) is given by:
A) pd/2t
B) pd/t
C) pt/2d
D) pt/d
28. A thin-walled pressure vessel is one where the ratio of the wall thickness to the internal diameter is typically:
A) Greater than 0.1
B) Less than 0.1
C) Equal to 0.5
D) Independent of diameter
29. For a column with both ends pinned, the effective length is equal to its:
A) Actual length
B) Half its actual length
C) Twice its actual length
D) Zero
30. The slenderness ratio of a column is the ratio of its effective length to its:
A) Actual length
B) Radius of gyration
C) Cross-sectional area
D) Material density
31. Euler's formula for buckling load is applicable for columns that are:
A) Short and stocky
B) Long and slender
C) Made of brittle material
D) Subjected to bending only
32. Buckling is a phenomenon associated with:
A) Tensile members
B) Compressive members
C) Torsional members
D) Shear members
33. In the torsion formula, τ = Tr/J, what does 'J' represent?
A) Torque
B) Radius
C) Polar moment of inertia
D) Shear stress
34. The polar moment of inertia for a solid circular shaft of radius 'r' is:
A) πr²/2
B) πr⁴/2
C) πr⁴/4
D) πr²/4
35. Torsion is the twisting of an object due to:
A) Tensile force
B) Compressive force
C) Shear force
D) Torque
36. The maximum shear force for a cantilever beam with a uniformly distributed load is at the:
A) Free end
B) Fixed support
C) Mid-span
D) Point of contraflexure
37. For a simply supported beam with a concentrated load at the center, the bending moment is maximum at:
A) The supports
B) The center
C) One-quarter span
D) The free end
38. The bending moment is maximum where the shear force is:
A) Zero or changes sign
B) Maximum
C) Minimum
D) Constant
39. Which diagram represents the variation of shear force along the length of a beam?
A) Bending Moment Diagram
B) Shear Force Diagram
C) Stress-Strain Curve
D) Load-Deflection Curve
40. For a ductile material, the yield strength is typically:
A) Lower than the ultimate tensile strength
B) Higher than the ultimate tensile strength
C) Equal to the fracture strength
D) The point of maximum stress
41. Bulk Modulus (K) relates pressure to:
A) Linear strain
B) Shear strain
C) Volumetric strain
D) Lateral strain
42. Shear Modulus (G) relates stress and strain in:
A) Tension
B) Compression
C) Torsion
D) Shear
43. Poisson's ratio is defined as the ratio of lateral strain to:
A) Longitudinal strain
B) Shear strain
C) Volumetric strain
D) Tensile strain
44. Young's Modulus (E) is a measure of a material's:
A) Resistance to shear deformation
B) Resistance to elastic deformation under tensile or compressive stress
C) Resistance to volume change
D) Ability to absorb energy before fracturing
45. Hooke's Law states that stress is proportional to strain within the:
A) Elastic limit
B) Plastic limit
C) Yield point
D) Ultimate tensile strength
46. Strain is defined as the ratio of change in length to the original:
A) Width
B) Height
C) Volume
D) Length
47. Stress is defined as force per unit:
A) Volume
B) Area
C) Length
D) Mass
48. The coefficient of static friction is generally:
A) Less than the coefficient of kinetic friction
B) Equal to the coefficient of kinetic friction
C) Greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction
D) Independent of the surfaces in contact
49. A body is in equilibrium if the net force acting on it is:
A) Equal to zero
B) Greater than zero
C) Less than zero
D) Dependent on mass
50. Which of Newton's laws of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction?
A) First Law of Motion
B) Second Law of Motion
C) Third Law of Motion
D) Law of Universal Gravitation