Main concepts of life science classification of living organisms evolution genetics physiology nutrition health and hygiene human diseases. - Question Bank

1. The theory that proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes is known as the:
A) Theory of Evolution
B) Theory of Natural Selection
C) Endosymbiotic Theory
D) Theory of Biogenesis
2. The process of cell specialization for specific functions is called:
A) Cell division
B) Cell differentiation
C) Cell fusion
D) Cell lysis
3. Which organ is responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine?
A) Liver
B) Lungs
C) Kidneys
D) Stomach
4. A disease that is not transmitted from one person to another is:
A) Chickenpox
B) Tuberculosis
C) Cancer
D) Influenza
5. The balanced intake of essential nutrients is known as:
A) Health
B) Hygiene
C) Nutrition
D) Physiology
6. Homologous structures in evolution are those that have:
A) Different evolutionary origins but similar functions
B) The same evolutionary origin but different functions
C) The same evolutionary origin and similar functions
D) Different evolutionary origins and different functions
7. The process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere is called:
A) Photosynthesis
B) Respiration
C) Transpiration
D) Absorption
8. The brain and spinal cord form the:
A) Autonomic nervous system
B) Peripheral nervous system
C) Central nervous system
D) Somatic nervous system
9. Which nutrient is crucial for muscle repair and growth?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Fats
C) Proteins
D) Vitamins
10. The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics is:
A) Evolution
B) Genetics
C) Ecology
D) Physiology
11. Vestigial organs are organs that:
A) Are highly developed and functional
B) Have lost their original function during evolution
C) Are essential for reproduction
D) Are responsible for nutrient absorption
12. The process of converting food into energy within cells is:
A) Digestion
B) Respiration
C) Absorption
D) Excretion
13. Public hygiene involves measures to ensure the health of:
A) An individual
B) A family
C) A community
D) A specific organ
14. A disease caused by a bacterium is:
A) Common cold
B) Chickenpox
C) Typhoid
D) Malaria
15. The immune system's primary role is to:
A) Digest food
B) Fight off infections and diseases
C) Transport blood
D) Store energy
16. The human circulatory system is responsible for transporting:
A) Nutrients and oxygen to cells, and waste products away
B) Food to the stomach
C) Air to the lungs
D) Hormones to the brain
17. Which of the following is a source of dietary fiber?
A) White bread
B) Fruits and vegetables
C) Refined sugar
D) Butter
18. The inheritance of traits from parents to offspring is known as:
A) Evolution
B) Genetics
C) Physiology
D) Taxonomy
19. Analogous structures in evolution are those that have:
A) The same evolutionary origin but different functions
B) Different evolutionary origins but similar functions
C) The same evolutionary origin and similar functions
D) Different evolutionary origins and different functions
20. The process of cellular respiration primarily occurs in the:
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
21. The skeletal system provides:
A) Protection for internal organs and support
B) Digestion of food
C) Transport of oxygen
D) Regulation of body temperature
22. Personal hygiene includes practices like:
A) Washing hands and bathing
B) Disposing of waste properly
C) Ensuring clean drinking water
D) Controlling mosquito breeding
23. A disease caused by a virus is:
A) Cholera
B) Malaria
C) Influenza
D) Tetanus
24. Which mineral is essential for healthy bones and teeth?
A) Iron
B) Sodium
C) Calcium
D) Potassium
25. The process of breathing in and out is called:
A) Respiration
B) Circulation
C) Ventilation
D) Digestion
26. The primary function of the digestive system is to:
A) Transport oxygen
B) Break down food and absorb nutrients
C) Remove waste products
D) Regulate body temperature
27. Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
A) Thyroxine
B) Insulin
C) Adrenaline
D) Growth hormone
28. A change in the DNA sequence is called a:
A) Gene
B) Chromosome
C) Mutation
D) Allele
29. The backbone of the evolutionary tree of life is based on:
A) Fossil records
B) Comparative anatomy
C) Molecular data (DNA, RNA)
D) Embryological development
30. Which of the following is a characteristic of Kingdom Fungi?
A) Autotrophic nutrition
B) Motility
C) Eukaryotic and heterotrophic
D) Unicellular prokaryotes
31. The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells is called:
A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Fertilization
D) Mutation
32. Which part of the cell contains the genetic material (DNA)?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Cell membrane
C) Nucleus
D) Mitochondrion
33. What are the building blocks of proteins?
A) Nucleotides
B) Fatty acids
C) Monosaccharides
D) Amino acids
34. The theory of evolution by natural selection was primarily developed by:
A) Gregor Mendel
B) James Watson
C) Charles Darwin
D) Alfred Russel Wallace
35. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. This process occurs in which organelle?
A) Mitochondrion
B) Ribosome
C) Chloroplast
D) Nucleus
36. The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the:
A) Neuron
B) Axon
C) Dendrite
D) Synapse
37. Hygiene refers to the practices that promote:
A) Disease
B) Health
C) Aging
D) Fatigue
38. Which of the following is an example of a communicable disease?
A) Diabetes
B) Heart disease
C) Tuberculosis
D) Arthritis
39. A deficiency in Vitamin C causes which disease?
A) Rickets
B) Night blindness
C) Scurvy
D) Anemia
40. Vitamins are classified as:
A) Macronutrients
B) Micronutrients
C) Proteins
D) Minerals
41. Water is essential for life because it:
A) Is a source of energy
B) Aids in digestion and nutrient transport
C) Builds muscles
D) Strengthens bones
42. Which nutrient provides the primary source of energy for the body?
A) Proteins
B) Fats
C) Vitamins
D) Carbohydrates
43. The study of the structure and function of the body is called:
A) Anatomy
B) Physiology
C) Pathology
D) Histology
44. The basic unit of heredity is:
A) Chromosome
B) Gene
C) DNA
D) Protein
45. Which theory explains that life arises from pre-existing life?
A) Theory of Spontaneous Generation
B) Theory of Biogenesis
C) Theory of Evolution
D) Theory of Natural Selection
46. The process by which organisms change over time is known as:
A) Genetics
B) Physiology
C) Evolution
D) Nutrition
47. Organisms that produce their own food are called:
A) Heterotrophs
B) Autotrophs
C) Decomposers
D) Consumers
48. Which kingdom includes unicellular prokaryotic organisms?
A) Protista
B) Fungi
C) Monera
D) Animalia
49. The five-kingdom classification system was proposed by:
A) Robert Whittaker
B) Carl Woese
C) Ernst Haeckel
D) Herbert Copeland
50. Who is considered the 'Father of Taxonomy'?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Gregor Mendel
C) Carolus Linnaeus
D) Louis Pasteur