Modern gene concepts – cistron, muton, recon - Question Bank
1. The 'muton' is the smallest unit of heredity that can undergo a change, leading to a different allele. This change is typically a:
2. Which of the following is the most accurate hierarchical relationship?
3. In fine-structure mapping, the ability to map recombination events between closely located sites within a gene supports the concept of:
4. The 'cistron' concept revolutionized the understanding of genes by moving beyond a single unit for a trait to a unit encoding a specific:
5. The 'muton' is the fundamental unit of genetic change, responsible for:
6. The smallest unit of genetic material that can undergo crossing over is the:
7. If two mutations are within the same cistron, they will generally:
8. A single base deletion or insertion within a DNA sequence represents a change at the level of the:
9. The concept that a gene can be subdivided into regions that mutate independently and recombine independently led to the definitions of:
10. Which genetic unit is defined by its ability to produce a functional product, such as a protein?
11. The cis-trans test, used to differentiate alleles and define functional units, is a direct application of the concept of:
12. The 'muton' is the smallest unit that can mutate. This unit is often considered to be equivalent to a:
13. If a gene contains multiple sites where mutations can occur, and these sites can be separated by recombination, these sites are referred to as:
14. A functional gene, as understood in classical genetics and molecular biology, is best represented by the:
15. The 'recon' is a unit of genetic material that can be exchanged between homologous chromosomes during:
16. The concept of 'muton' is directly related to the molecular basis of:
17. Which of the following accurately represents the relative sizes of these genetic units from smallest to largest?
18. A 'cistron' is essentially a segment of DNA that codes for a single:
19. The ability of two different DNA sequences to exchange genetic material between them defines the unit known as:
20. If a single nucleotide is substituted, this event is best described as a change in the:
21. Benzer's fine-structure mapping experiments showed that a single gene (cistron) could be subdivided into smaller units of mutation and recombination. These units are the:
22. Which classical genetic unit is defined by its role in determining the phenotype of an organism?
23. The 'recon' represents the smallest unit of genetic material capable of participating in:
24. The concept of 'muton' emphasizes the smallest unit that can undergo alteration resulting in a:
25. If two mutations fail to complement in the trans configuration, it implies they are within the same:
26. The functional definition of a gene as a unit encoding a polypeptide or RNA is most closely aligned with the concept of:
27. A gene locus that can be mapped by recombination frequencies is related to the concept of:
28. Benzer's experiments with bacteriophage T4 provided evidence for the distinction between:
29. Which unit is defined by the ability to undergo reciprocal exchange with another genetic unit?
30. The 'muton' can be defined as the smallest unit of genetic material that, when altered, can lead to a change in:
31. If a mutation changes a single base pair, and this change affects the protein product, the affected unit is the:
32. Which of the following is a limitation of the classical gene concepts (cistron, muton, recon) in understanding modern genetics?
33. The 'cistron' concept is fundamentally linked to the idea of a gene specifying a:
34. In molecular terms, a 'recon' is often considered to be the smallest segment of DNA that can undergo exchange during:
35. The concept of the 'muton' is considered to be approximately equivalent to a:
36. A 'recombination' event between two closely linked mutations within a functional gene (cistron) can restore the wild-type gene. The smallest unit demonstrating this recombination capability is the:
37. The ability of two different mutations to restore a wild-type phenotype when they are present in the same cell (trans configuration) but not when they are on the same chromosome (cis configuration) helps define:
38. Which concept implies that a single DNA base pair change is the minimum unit that can be mutated?
39. If two different mutations within the same gene (cistron) are introduced into a diploid organism, and each mutation is recessive, they may complement each other if they are in different functional units. This phenomenon is related to:
40. The cis-trans test (or complementation test) is used to determine if two mutations are in the same:
41. A single nucleotide change within a DNA sequence can alter the function of a gene. This smallest unit of change corresponds to the:
42. Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between cistron, muton, and recon?
43. In the context of gene concepts, 'recon' refers to the smallest segment of DNA involved in:
44. The concept of 'muton' is based on the smallest unit of genetic material that can be changed by a:
45. A 'cistron' is functionally equivalent to a:
46. If a mutation occurs and is then reverted by another mutation at the same site, restoring the original phenotype, the smallest unit involved in this process is the:
47. Seymour Benzer's experiments in the 1950s were crucial in defining which genetic concepts?
48. What genetic unit is defined by its ability to cause a mutation?
49. The unit of genetic material that determines a single polypeptide chain or a functional RNA molecule is known as:
50. Which of the following represents the smallest functional unit of genetic material that can undergo recombination?