Morphology of flowering plants - root stem leaf inflorescence flower fruit seed - Question Bank

1. A seed that requires a period of dry conditions or low temperatures to germinate is said to be:
A) Viviparous
B) Dormant
C) Parthenocarpic
D) Apomictic
2. The protective sheath covering the plumule in monocot seeds is called the:
A) Scutellum
B) Coleorhiza
C) Coleoptile
D) Radicle sheath
3. The single, large cotyledon found in monocot seeds like maize is known as the:
A) Scutellum
B) Coleoptile
C) Coleorhiza
D) Endosperm
4. The embryo of a dicotyledonous plant typically consists of:
A) One cotyledon and plumule
B) Two cotyledons, radicle, and plumule
C) Endosperm and radicle
D) Scutellum and plumule
5. Which part of the seed is the remnant of the ovule wall?
A) Cotyledon
B) Endosperm
C) Seed coat
D) Embryo
6. A fruit in which the pericarp is fleshy throughout is called a:
A) Dry fruit
B) Berry
C) Nut
D) Samara
7. Which of the following is an example of a false fruit?
A) Mango
B) Apple
C) Tomato
D) Pea
8. A fruit developed from the ovary of a flower after fertilization is termed a:
A) Parthenocarpic fruit
B) Accessory fruit
C) True fruit
D) False fruit
9. The swollen basal part of the pistil where ovules are borne is the:
A) Stigma
B) Style
C) Ovary
D) Anther
10. In papilionaceous flowers, the largest petal is called the:
A) Keel
B) Wings
C) Standard
D) Apex
11. The type of aestivation where petals overlap one another in a particular direction is called:
A) Valvate
B) Twisted
C) Imbricate
D) Papilionaceous
12. The outermost whorl of a flower, consisting of sepals, is called the:
A) Corolla
B) Androecium
C) Gynoecium
D) Calyx
13. The female reproductive part of a flower, consisting of stigma, style, and ovary, is called the:
A) Stamen
B) Corolla
C) Gynoecium
D) Androecium
14. The male reproductive part of a flower, consisting of anther and filament, is called the:
A) Pistil
B) Stamen
C) Petal
D) Sepal
15. The whorl of petals in a flower is called the:
A) Calyx
B) Corolla
C) Androecium
D) Gynoecium
16. Which inflorescence has a main axis bearing sessile female flowers towards the base and stalked male flowers towards the apex?
A) Raceme
B) Spadix
C) Panicle
D) Corymb
17. A spike inflorescence is similar to a raceme, but the flowers are:
A) Pedicellate
B) Sessile
C) Branched
D) Terminal
18. In a cymose inflorescence, the main axis:
A) Continues to grow indefinitely
B) Terminates in a flower
C) Is always branched
D) Produces older flowers at the apex
19. Which type of inflorescence has a single flower at the end of the peduncle?
A) Raceme
B) Spike
C) Solitary
D) Cymose
20. In a racemose inflorescence, the main axis:
A) Terminates in a flower
B) Continues to grow indefinitely
C) Is suppressed
D) Is reduced to a pedicel
21. The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is known as:
A) Venation
B) Phyllotaxy
C) Aestivation
D) Inflorescence
22. The modification of leaves into sharp, pointed structures for defense is called:
A) Tendrils
B) Spines
C) Phyllodes
D) Bracts
23. Which modification of leaf helps plants in climbing?
A) Spines
B) Tendrils
C) Scale leaves
D) Storage leaves
24. In a whorled phyllotaxy, how many leaves are attached at a single node?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three or more
D) Variable
25. Which type of leaf arrangement involves one leaf at each node, alternating on opposite sides of the stem?
A) Whorled
B) Opposite
C) Alternate
D) Spiral
26. In a compound leaf, the leaf blade is divided into several:
A) Lobes
B) Leaflets
C) Serrations
D) Veins
27. A leaf that is not completely divided into leaflets but has an undivided lamina is called:
A) Compound leaf
B) Simple leaf
C) Bract
D) Spathe
28. Reticulate venation is typically found in:
A) Monocots
B) Dicots
C) Grasses
D) Palms
29. Parallel venation is characteristic of:
A) Dicotyledonous plants
B) Monocotyledonous plants
C) Gymnosperms
D) Pteridophytes
30. The arrangement of veins in the leaf lamina is called:
A) Venation
B) Phyllotaxy
C) Aestivation
D) Inflorescence
31. The flattened green part of the leaf is called the:
A) Petiole
B) Stipule
C) Lamina
D) Midrib
32. A leaf is attached to the stem by a stalk called the:
A) Lamina
B) Midrib
C) Petiole
D) Vein
33. Which part of the plant is the primary site of photosynthesis?
A) Root
B) Stem
C) Leaf
D) Flower
34. The terminal bud is located at the:
A) Base of the stem
B) Apex of the stem
C) Axil of a leaf
D) Root tip
35. The buds located in the axil of leaves are called:
A) Terminal buds
B) Adventitious buds
C) Axillary buds
D) Apical buds
36. Which modification of the stem helps the plant to climb?
A) Thorns
B) Tendrils
C) Rhizomes
D) Bulbs
37. In plants like Opuntia, the stem is modified into a flattened, green structure for photosynthesis. This modification is called:
A) Phyllode
B) Cladode
C) Phylloclade
D) Thorn
38. A stem modified into a leaf-like flat green organ for photosynthesis is called a:
A) Phylloclade
B) Cladode
C) Thorn
D) Tendril
39. What are the small, leaf-like structures at the base of a leaf stalk called?
A) Stipules
B) Axillary buds
C) Terminal buds
D) Tendrils
40. Which of the following is a modified stem for vegetative propagation?
A) Sweet potato
B) Radish
C) Potato
D) Carrot
41. Ginger is a modified stem known as a:
A) Tuber
B) Bulb
C) Rhizome
D) Corm
42. A stem that grows horizontally below the ground is called a:
A) Stolon
B) Rhizome
C) Runner
D) Corm
43. The main function of the stem is to provide:
A) Anchorage
B) Absorption of water
C) Support and transport
D) Photosynthesis
44. Which part of the plant typically grows upwards and bears leaves, flowers, and fruits?
A) Root
B) Stem
C) Leaf
D) Flower
45. Root hairs are unicellular outgrowths from the epidermis in the:
A) Zone of elongation
B) Zone of maturation
C) Apical meristem
D) Root cap
46. The region of the root responsible for the elongation of cells is:
A) Zone of meristematic activity
B) Zone of elongation
C) Zone of maturation
D) Root cap
47. The root cap is a protective covering for the:
A) Root apex
B) Shoot apex
C) Leaf primordium
D) Vascular cambium
48. Roots that grow upwards from the soil, helping plants in aeration in marshy areas, are called:
A) Suckers
B) Rhizomes
C) Pneumatophores
D) Stolons
49. Which of the following is an example of a modified root for storage?
A) Carrot
B) Ginger
C) Potato
D) Onion
50. Roots modified for storage of food reserves are typically:
A) Pneumatophores
B) Aerial roots
C) Tap roots and fibrous roots
D) Prop roots and stilt roots