Neurophysiology – CNS, PNS, neuron structure, impulse transmission, neurotransmitters, reflexes - Question Bank
1. What is the role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the peripheral nervous system?
2. The phenomenon where a neuron becomes less responsive to repeated stimulation after prolonged exposure to a neurotransmitter is known as:
3. Damage to the myelin sheath can lead to which of the following conditions?
4. Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus and major organelles?
5. A polysynaptic reflex arc involves:
6. What is the term for the process where neurotransmitters are taken back into the presynaptic neuron?
7. Which type of neurotransmitter is Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)?
8. What is the primary role of sensory receptors in the PNS?
9. The brain region responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and balance is the:
10. Which of the following is a key characteristic of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
11. Which part of the neuron integrates incoming signals?
12. What is summation in neurophysiology?
13. The 'all-or-none' principle of action potential generation means that:
14. Which neurotransmitter plays a key role in reward pathways and is implicated in addiction?
15. When a neurotransmitter binds to its receptor on the postsynaptic membrane, it can cause:
16. In a chemical synapse, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles within the:
17. What type of synapse involves direct electrical connection between neurons?
18. The process of impulse transmission along a myelinated axon is called:
19. Gaps in the myelin sheath where the action potential is regenerated are called:
20. What is the insulating layer around many axons that speeds up nerve impulse transmission?
21. The parasympathetic nervous system is primarily involved in:
22. Which division of the ANS prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses?
23. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for:
24. The PNS is divided into the somatic nervous system and the:
25. The spinal cord's primary role in the CNS includes:
26. Which of the following is NOT a component of the CNS?
27. The brain is primarily composed of which part of the nervous system?
28. The withdrawal reflex (e.g., pulling your hand away from a hot object) is an example of what type of reflex?
29. The structure that carries out the response in a reflex action is called the:
30. Which type of neuron carries impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands?
31. In a simple reflex arc, what is the first component that detects a stimulus?
32. The pathway followed by a nerve impulse during a reflex action is called a:
33. What is a reflex action?
34. The process of removing neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft after signal transmission is crucial for:
35. What is the role of inhibitory neurotransmitters?
36. Which neurotransmitter is often associated with mood, sleep, and appetite regulation?
37. Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?
38. Which of the following is a common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS?
39. What are chemical messengers released by neurons to transmit signals across synapses called?
40. What causes repolarization of the neuron membrane after an action potential?
41. During an action potential, which ion primarily rushes into the neuron?
42. What is the resting potential of a neuron?
43. The process by which a neuron transmits a signal is called:
44. What is the electrical signal that travels along a neuron called?
45. The gap between two neurons where information is transmitted is known as the:
46. What is the long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body?
47. Which part of a neuron typically receives signals from other neurons?
48. What is the main structural and functional unit of the nervous system called?
49. Which part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles?
50. What is the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?