Pollination and plant life cycles - Question Bank

1. What is the term for the development of a fruit without fertilization?
A) Parthenocarpy
B) Apomixis
C) Vivipary
D) Gynogenesis
2. The dispersal of seeds by water is termed:
A) Anemochory
B) Hydrochory
C) Zooidiophily
D) Autochory
3. The process of seed dispersal by wind is called:
A) Zooidiophily
B) Anemochory
C) Hydrochory
D) Myrmecochory
4. Which part of the flower develops into a fruit?
A) Ovary
B) Ovule
C) Petal
D) Stamen
5. The dispersal of seeds by animals is known as:
A) Anemochory
B) Hydrochory
C) Zoochory
D) Autochory
6. A seed with two cotyledons is characteristic of:
A) Monocotyledonous plants
B) Dicotyledonous plants
C) Conifers
D) Mosses
7. A seed that has only one cotyledon is characteristic of:
A) Dicotyledonous plants
B) Monocotyledonous plants
C) Gymnosperms
D) Ferns
8. What is the process by which a plant produces a new individual from a seed?
A) Vegetative propagation
B) Sexual reproduction
C) Asexual reproduction
D) Pollination
9. Which part of the flower typically protects the bud before it opens?
A) Petals
B) Stamens
C) Sepals
D) Pistil
10. The stalk that connects the stigma to the ovary is the:
A) Filament
B) Style
C) Anther
D) Receptacle
11. The part of the stamen that produces pollen is the:
A) Filament
B) Anther
C) Style
D) Stigma
12. What is the structure within the ovary that contains the female gamete?
A) Pollen grain
B) Ovule
C) Embryo sac
D) Both B and C
13. The female reproductive part of a flower, consisting of stigma, style, and ovary, is called the:
A) Androecium
B) Corolla
C) Gynoecium
D) Calyx
14. The male reproductive part of a flower, consisting of the anther and filament, is called the:
A) Gynoecium
B) Androecium
C) Corolla
D) Calyx
15. The collective term for all the petals of a flower is:
A) Calyx
B) Corolla
C) Androecium
D) Gynoecium
16. The collective term for all the sepals of a flower is:
A) Corolla
B) Androecium
C) Gynoecium
D) Calyx
17. What is the term for the stalk that supports the anther?
A) Style
B) Filament
C) Pedicel
D) Receptacle
18. Which of the following is a characteristic of insect-pollinated flowers?
A) Lightweight, smooth pollen
B) Abundant, powdery pollen
C) Sticky or spiny pollen
D) Inconspicuous appearance
19. The process where pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma by water is called:
A) Anemophily
B) Entomophily
C) Hydrophily
D) Ornithophily
20. What is the term for flowers that remain closed and self-pollinate before they open?
A) Chasmogamy
B) Cleistogamy
C) Dichogamy
D) Xenogamy
21. When the stigma of a flower is receptive before the anthers mature and release pollen, the condition is known as:
A) Protandry
B) Protogyny
C) Dichogamy
D) Cleistogamy
22. If a flower's anthers mature and release pollen before its stigma becomes receptive, this condition is called:
A) Protogyny
B) Protandry
C) Cleistogamy
D) Homogamy
23. The phenomenon where flowers mature at different times to prevent self-pollination is known as:
A) Protandry (anthers mature before stigma)
B) Protogyny (stigma matures before anthers)
C) Dichogamy
D) All of the above
24. What term describes a plant species that has male and female reproductive organs on separate individuals?
A) Monoecious
B) Dioecious
C) Hermaphrodite
D) Polygamous
25. A plant that has separate male and female flowers on the same individual plant is called:
A) Dioecious
B) Monoecious
C) Hermaphrodite
D) Dioecious and hermaphrodite
26. What is the process called when a flower is pollinated by pollen from the same flower?
A) Cross-pollination
B) Geitonogamy
C) Autogamy
D) Xenogamy
27. Bats are known to pollinate certain plants, especially those that bloom at night and have:
A) Small, inconspicuous flowers
B) Brightly colored, unscented flowers
C) Large, pale or white flowers with strong, fruity or musky odors
D) Flowers producing very little nectar
28. Which part of the flower is responsible for producing nectar to attract insects?
A) Anther
B) Stigma
C) Nectary
D) Sepal
29. The plumule is the part of the embryo that develops into the:
A) Root system
B) Shoot system (stem and leaves)
C) Seed coat
D) Fruit wall
30. What is the primary function of the radicle during germination?
A) To develop into the shoot and leaves
B) To anchor the seedling and absorb water
C) To store food for the embryo
D) To attract pollinators
31. In some plants, like peas and oaks, the cotyledons remain below the ground during germination and do not photosynthesize. This is known as:
A) Epigeal germination
B) Hypogeal germination
C) Vivipary
D) Parthenocarpy
32. In many dicotyledonous plants, the cotyledons (seed leaves) often emerge above ground and turn green, performing photosynthesis. This is called:
A) Epigeal germination
B) Hypogeal germination
C) Vivipary
D) Apomixis
33. The first leaf or leaves that emerge from a germinating seed are called:
A) Cotyledons
B) Radicle
C) Plumule
D) Embryo
34. What environmental conditions are typically required for seed germination?
A) Darkness and high humidity
B) Warmth, water, and oxygen
C) Cold temperatures and dryness
D) High salinity and low oxygen
35. The process by which a seed sprouts and begins to grow into a new plant is called:
A) Pollination
B) Fertilization
C) Germination
D) Reproduction
36. What is the part of the plant that contains the embryo and stored food, enclosed within a protective coat?
A) Flower
B) Fruit
C) Seed
D) Root
37. The ovary of the flower typically develops into the:
A) Seed
B) Petal
C) Fruit
D) Stamen
38. After fertilization, the ovule develops into a:
A) Flower
B) Fruit
C) Seed
D) Stem
39. The fusion of the male gamete (from the pollen) with the female gamete (egg cell) inside the ovule is called:
A) Pollination
B) Fertilization
C) Germination
D) Budding
40. What is the term for the process where a pollen grain germinates on the stigma and grows a pollen tube down to the ovary?
A) Fertilization
B) Pollination
C) Syngamy
D) Gametogenesis
41. Cross-pollination, where pollen is transferred between flowers of different plants of the same species, is also called:
A) Autogamy
B) Geitonogamy
C) Xenogamy
D) Dichogamy
42. Self-pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant. This is also known as:
A) Cross-pollination
B) Xenogamy
C) Geitonogamy
D) Cleistogamy
43. Birds are common pollinators for flowers that are often:
A) White or pale colored and odorless
B) Red or orange and produce abundant nectar
C) Small and inconspicuous
D) Green and have a musty smell
44. Flowers pollinated by wind typically have:
A) Brightly colored petals and strong scent
B) Large, sticky pollen grains
C) Small, lightweight pollen and lack of scent
D) Nectar guides
45. Which of the following is NOT a method of pollination?
A) Wind pollination (Anemophily)
B) Insect pollination (Entomophily)
C) Water pollination (Hydrophily)
D) Fungal pollination (Mycophily)
46. What is the primary function of a flower's petals?
A) To produce pollen
B) To attract pollinators
C) To protect the developing seeds
D) To absorb sunlight
47. The receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower is known as the:
A) Style
B) Stigma
C) Ovary
D) Filament
48. Which part of the flower contains the pollen?
A) Stigma
B) Anther
C) Ovary
D) Petal
49. What is the process by which pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma called?
A) Fertilization
B) Germination
C) Pollination
D) Transpiration