Syllogism - Question Bank

1. Which of the following statements is a correct representation of a disjunctive syllogism?
A) If P then Q. P. Therefore Q.
B) Either P or Q. Not P. Therefore Q.
C) All A are B. All B are C. Therefore All A are C.
D) No A is B. Some C is A. Therefore Some C is not B.
2. Consider the premises: All students passed the exam. John passed the exam. What can be validly concluded?
A) John is a student.
B) All people who passed the exam are students.
C) Some students are people who passed the exam.
D) No valid conclusion can be drawn.
3. Consider the premises: All books are paper products. Some paper products are recyclable. What is the fallacy, if any?
A) Undistributed Middle
B) Illicit Major
C) Illicit Minor
D) No fallacy, conclusion is 'Some books are recyclable'.
4. In an O-proposition ('Some S is not P'), which term is distributed?
A) Subject (S) only
B) Predicate (P) only
C) Both S and P
D) Neither S nor P
5. In an I-proposition ('Some S is P'), which terms are distributed?
A) Subject (S) only
B) Predicate (P) only
C) Both S and P
D) Neither S nor P
6. In an E-proposition ('No S is P'), which terms are distributed?
A) Subject (S) only
B) Predicate (P) only
C) Both S and P
D) Neither S nor P
7. In an A-proposition ('All S is P'), which term is distributed?
A) Subject (S)
B) Predicate (P)
C) Both S and P
D) Neither S nor P
8. The term 'distribution' in logic refers to whether a term in a proposition:
A) Is affirmative or negative.
B) Refers to all members of its class.
C) Is the subject or predicate.
D) Is singular or plural.
9. Which of the following is a valid syllogism of the form AAA-1?
A) All M is P. All S is M. Therefore, All S is P.
B) All P is M. All S is M. Therefore, All S is P.
C) All M is P. Some S is M. Therefore, Some S is P.
D) All M is P. All M is S. Therefore, All S is P.
10. Which of the following is a valid syllogism of the form EAE-1?
A) No M is P. All S is M. Therefore, No S is P.
B) All M is P. No S is M. Therefore, No S is P.
C) No P is M. All S is M. Therefore, No S is P.
D) No M is P. Some S is M. Therefore, Some S is not P.
11. Consider the syllogism: No A are B. Some C are B. What can be validly concluded?
A) Some C are not A.
B) All C are A.
C) No C are A.
D) Some C are A.
12. Consider the syllogism: All A are B. Some C are A. What can be validly concluded?
A) All C are B.
B) Some C are B.
C) No C are B.
D) Some B are C.
13. What is the fallacy in the following argument: If you study hard, you will pass. You did not study hard. Therefore, you did not pass.
A) Modus Ponens
B) Modus Tollens
C) Affirming the Consequent
D) Denying the Antecedent
14. What is the fallacy in the following argument: If you study hard, you will pass. You passed. Therefore, you studied hard.
A) Modus Ponens
B) Modus Tollens
C) Affirming the Consequent
D) Denying the Antecedent
15. Consider the argument: If it is raining, the ground is wet. The ground is not wet. Therefore, it is not raining. This is an example of:
A) Modus Ponens
B) Modus Tollens
C) Affirming the Consequent
D) Denying the Antecedent
16. Consider the argument: If it is raining, the ground is wet. It is raining. Therefore, the ground is wet. This is an example of:
A) Modus Ponens
B) Modus Tollens
C) Affirming the Consequent
D) Denying the Antecedent
17. An enthymeme is a syllogism with:
A) Three premises.
B) Four terms.
C) One premise or conclusion missing.
D) All terms distributed.
18. A series of interconnected syllogisms where the conclusion of one becomes the premise of the next is called a:
A) Dilemma
B) Sorites
C) Enthymeme
D) Polysyllogism
19. What is the term for a syllogism where the conclusion is drawn from premises that are not necessarily true, but assumed to be for the sake of argument?
A) Valid Syllogism
B) Sound Syllogism
C) Hypothetical Syllogism
D) Sorites
20. In the syllogism: No students are teachers. Some athletes are students. What is the valid conclusion?
A) Some athletes are teachers.
B) No athletes are teachers.
C) Some athletes are not teachers.
D) All athletes are not teachers.
21. Consider the premises: All engineers are logical. Some logical people are good communicators. What can be validly concluded?
A) All engineers are good communicators.
B) Some engineers are good communicators.
C) Some logical people are engineers.
D) Some engineers are logical.
22. What is the fallacy of assuming that what is true for the whole is true for its parts?
A) Fallacy of Composition
B) Fallacy of Division
C) Fallacy of Ambiguity
D) Fallacy of False Cause
23. What is the fallacy of assuming that what is true for a part is true for the whole?
A) Fallacy of Composition
B) Fallacy of Division
C) Fallacy of Equivocation
D) Fallacy of Begging the Question
24. Consider the premises: Some fruits are sweet. All sweet things are delicious. What can be validly concluded?
A) All fruits are delicious.
B) Some fruits are delicious.
C) Some delicious things are fruits.
D) No fruits are delicious.
25. Which syllogistic figure has the middle term as the predicate of the major premise and the subject of the minor premise?
A) Figure 1
B) Figure 2
C) Figure 3
D) Figure 4
26. Which syllogistic figure has the middle term as the subject of both premises?
A) Figure 1
B) Figure 2
C) Figure 3
D) Figure 4
27. Which syllogistic figure has the middle term as the predicate of both premises?
A) Figure 1
B) Figure 2
C) Figure 3
D) Figure 4
28. In the syllogism: No birds are mammals. All eagles are birds. What is the valid conclusion?
A) All eagles are mammals.
B) No eagles are mammals.
C) Some eagles are mammals.
D) Some mammals are eagles.
29. Consider the premises: All cats are animals. All animals are living beings. What is the valid conclusion?
A) All living beings are cats.
B) Some living beings are cats.
C) All cats are living beings.
D) Some cats are living beings.
30. The proposition 'Some S is not P' is classified as which type?
A) A-proposition
B) E-proposition
C) I-proposition
D) O-proposition
31. The proposition 'All S is P' is classified as which type?
A) A-proposition
B) E-proposition
C) I-proposition
D) O-proposition
32. Which type of proposition has the form 'Some S is P'?
A) A-proposition
B) E-proposition
C) I-proposition
D) O-proposition
33. Which type of proposition has the form 'No S is P'?
A) A-proposition (Universal Affirmative)
B) E-proposition (Universal Negative)
C) I-proposition (Particular Affirmative)
D) O-proposition (Particular Negative)
34. In a syllogism, if a term is distributed in the conclusion, it must also be distributed in the premise. The violation of this rule leads to:
A) Fallacy of the Undistributed Middle
B) Fallacy of Illicit Major
C) Fallacy of Illicit Minor
D) Fallacy of Equivocation
35. What is the fallacy committed when the middle term is not distributed in either premise?
A) Fallacy of the Undistributed Middle
B) Fallacy of Illicit Major
C) Fallacy of Illicit Minor
D) Fallacy of Affirming the Consequent
36. Consider the syllogism: Some artists are musicians. All musicians are performers. What can be validly concluded?
A) All artists are performers.
B) Some artists are performers.
C) Some performers are artists.
D) No artists are performers.
37. Which figure of categorical syllogism has the middle term as the subject of the major premise and the predicate of the minor premise?
A) Figure 1
B) Figure 2
C) Figure 3
D) Figure 4
38. A syllogism is called 'sound' if it is:
A) Valid and has true premises.
B) Invalid and has true premises.
C) Valid and has false premises.
D) Invalid and has false premises.
39. What does it mean for a syllogism to be valid?
A) The conclusion is true.
B) The premises are true.
C) If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.
D) The conclusion logically follows from the premises.
40. If the conclusion of a syllogism is false, but the premises are true, what can be said about the syllogism's validity?
A) It is valid.
B) It is invalid.
C) It is sound.
D) It is undetermined.
41. Consider the syllogism: All flowers are plants. Roses are flowers. What is the conclusion?
A) All roses are plants.
B) Some plants are roses.
C) All flowers are roses.
D) Some roses are flowers.
42. Which type of syllogism involves the use of 'either...or...' statements?
A) Categorical Syllogism
B) Hypothetical Syllogism
C) Disjunctive Syllogism
D) Conditional Syllogism
43. In a standard form categorical syllogism, how many terms are there?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) One
44. A syllogism that uses 'if...then...' statements is known as a:
A) Categorical Syllogism
B) Disjunctive Syllogism
C) Hypothetical Syllogism
D) Existential Syllogism
45. What is the minor term in the following syllogism: All dogs are mammals. Some mammals are pets. Therefore, some dogs are pets.
A) Dogs
B) Mammals
C) Pets
D) Some
46. What is the major term in the following syllogism: All A are B. All B are C. Therefore, all A are C.
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) All
47. Identify the middle term in the following syllogism: All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.
A) Socrates
B) Mortal
C) Man
D) All
48. What is the term for the statement that is a logical consequence of the premises in a syllogism?
A) Premise
B) Minor Term
C) Conclusion
D) Major Term
49. In a categorical syllogism, what are the two premises called?
A) Minor Premise and Major Premise
B) Conclusion and Premise
C) Major Premise and Conclusion
D) Minor Premise and Conclusion
50. Which of the following is a common type of syllogism?
A) Analogy Syllogism
B) Conditional Syllogism
C) Categorical Syllogism
D) Disjunctive Syllogism
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