NEET UG - Vaccines and immunization, AIDS, cancer, lifestyle diseases Question Bank with Options

1. What is the purpose of a booster dose in vaccination schedules?

A) To provide initial immunity

B) To strengthen the immune response and maintain long-term protection

C) To treat an active infection

D) To prevent allergic reactions to the vaccine

2. A sedentary lifestyle is a significant risk factor for:

A) Pneumonia

B) Obesity and cardiovascular diseases

C) Tuberculosis

D) Influenza

3. Which type of cancer originates in connective tissues like bone or muscle?

A) Carcinoma

B) Adenocarcinoma

C) Sarcoma

D) Melanoma

4. What is the primary target of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)?

A) Liver cells

B) Nerve cells

C) Helper T-lymphocytes (CD4+ cells)

D) Red blood cells

5. Which of the following is a vector-borne disease that can be prevented by vector control and, in some cases, vaccination?

A) AIDS

B) Cancer

C) Malaria

D) Diabetes

6. The principle behind vaccination is to introduce the body to a weakened or inactive form of a pathogen to stimulate:

A) An immediate allergic reaction

B) The production of antibodies and memory cells

C) The destruction of all pathogens in the body

D) A permanent state of immunity to all diseases

7. Which of the following is a common characteristic of lifestyle diseases?

A) They are solely caused by genetic mutations.

B) They are typically infectious and spread rapidly.

C) They develop over time due to factors like diet, exercise, and habits.

D) They can only be treated with antibiotics.

8. A condition where cells divide uncontrollably and can invade surrounding tissues or spread to distant organs is known as:

A) Benign tumor

B) Malignancy

C) Inflammation

D) Infection

9. AIDS is caused by a virus that attacks the immune system. What is the full form of AIDS?

A) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

B) Autoimmune Disease Syndrome

C) Acquired Immunological Disorder Syndrome

D) Advanced Infectious Disease Syndrome

10. Which of the following is a crucial component of successful immunization programs for achieving herd immunity?

A) Targeting only symptomatic individuals

B) High vaccination coverage across the population

C) Relying solely on natural infection

D) Administering only single-dose vaccines

11. A vaccine that contains only a specific antigen or part of a pathogen is called a:

A) Live-attenuated vaccine

B) Inactivated vaccine

C) Subunit vaccine

D) Toxoid vaccine

12. Which lifestyle factor significantly increases the risk of developing various cancers, particularly lung cancer?

A) High sugar intake

B) Sedentary behavior

C) Smoking

D) Excessive caffeine consumption

13. The uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells in the body leads to the formation of:

A) Infections

B) Inflammation

C) Tumors

D) Allergies

14. Which of these is a method of transmission for HIV?

A) Sharing food utensils

B) Mosquito bites

C) Breast milk from an infected mother

D) Coughing or sneezing

15. Which type of vaccine uses a killed or inactivated form of the pathogen?

A) Live-attenuated vaccine

B) Inactivated vaccine

C) Toxoid vaccine

D) Recombinant vaccine

16. A tumor that remains localized and does not invade surrounding tissues or spread to distant sites is called:

A) Malignant

B) Metastatic

C) Benign

D) Invasive

17. Which component of the immune system is targeted by HIV?

A) Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

B) B-lymphocytes

C) Helper T-lymphocytes (CD4+ cells)

D) Macrophages

18. The BCG vaccine is primarily used to prevent:

A) Tetanus

B) Tuberculosis

C) Polio

D) Diphtheria

19. Which disease is characterized by the body's inability to regulate blood sugar levels effectively, often linked to lifestyle factors?

A) Rheumatoid Arthritis

B) Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

C) Parkinson's Disease

D) Multiple Sclerosis

20. Maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol are key components of:

A) Managing autoimmune diseases

B) Preventing lifestyle diseases

C) Treating genetic disorders

D) Curing infectious diseases

21. Smoking tobacco is a major risk factor for:

A) Osteoarthritis

B) Lung cancer, heart disease, and respiratory illnesses

C) Type 1 Diabetes

D) Glaucoma

22. The excessive consumption of alcohol can lead to:

A) Improved cognitive function

B) Liver damage, pancreatitis, and certain cancers

C) Enhanced athletic performance

D) Strengthened immune system

23. Chronic stress is a contributing factor to which health issue?

A) Vitamin D deficiency

B) Cardiovascular problems and weakened immunity

C) Dental caries

D) Color blindness

24. Lack of physical activity is strongly associated with an increased risk of:

A) Infectious diarrhea

B) Certain types of cancer and cardiovascular disease

C) Acute respiratory infections

D) Allergic rhinitis

25. A diet high in saturated fats, cholesterol, and sodium is a risk factor for which lifestyle disease?

A) Osteoporosis

B) Asthma

C) Hypertension and Cardiovascular diseases

D) Alzheimer's disease

26. Which of the following is NOT typically considered a lifestyle disease?

A) Type 2 Diabetes

B) Coronary Heart Disease

C) Malaria

D) Obesity

27. Lifestyle diseases are primarily caused or influenced by:

A) Genetic predispositions only

B) Infectious agents

C) A person's habits, behaviors, and environment

D) Sudden environmental toxins

28. Chemotherapy works by:

A) Targeting specific genetic mutations in cancer cells.

B) Using the body's immune system to fight cancer.

C) Killing rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells.

D) Stimulating the growth of healthy cells.

29. Which of the following is a common treatment for cancer that uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells?

A) Chemotherapy

B) Immunotherapy

C) Radiation therapy

D) Hormone therapy

30. A substance or agent that can cause cancer is known as a:

A) Mutagen

B) Carcinogen

C) Teratogen

D) Allergen

31. Which type of cancer arises from epithelial tissues?

A) Sarcoma

B) Leukemia

C) Carcinoma

D) Lymphoma

32. Oncogenes are genes that can potentially cause cancer. They are derived from:

A) Tumor suppressor genes

B) Proto-oncogenes

C) DNA repair genes

D) Apoptosis-regulating genes

33. The spread of cancer cells from the primary site to other parts of the body is called:

A) Invasion

B) Metastasis

C) Angiogenesis

D) Malignancy

34. Which of the following is a primary tumor that has not spread to other parts of the body?

A) Metastasis

B) Carcinoma

C) Sarcoma

D) Primary tumor

35. Cancer is characterized by:

A) Controlled cell growth and differentiation.

B) Uncontrolled cell division and the ability to invade other tissues.

C) A deficiency in immune system function.

D) The presence of foreign pathogens in the body.

36. What is the main goal of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS?

A) To completely eradicate HIV from the body.

B) To suppress viral replication and prevent progression to AIDS.

C) To boost the production of new CD4+ T-cells.

D) To cure opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.

37. A common diagnostic test for HIV infection is:

A) Complete Blood Count (CBC)

B) ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

C) Urine culture

D) X-ray of the chest

38. Which cells are critically depleted in individuals with AIDS, leading to opportunistic infections?

A) Red blood cells

B) B-lymphocytes

C) Helper T-cells (CD4+ T-cells)

D) Platelets

39. How is HIV primarily transmitted?

A) Airborne droplets

B) Contaminated food and water

C) Sexual contact, blood transfusions, and mother-to-child transmission

D) Casual contact like hugging or sharing utensils

40. What is the primary causative agent of AIDS?

A) Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

B) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

C) Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

D) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

41. Which of the following is a viral disease that affects the immune system, primarily targeting CD4+ T-lymphocytes?

A) Hepatitis B

B) Influenza

C) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

D) Tuberculosis

42. Herd immunity is most effective when:

A) A small percentage of the population is vaccinated.

B) Most of the population is immune to a disease, either through vaccination or prior infection.

C) Only individuals at high risk are vaccinated.

D) The pathogen is highly contagious but causes mild symptoms.

43. The purpose of immunization is to provide:

A) Immediate cure for an existing infection

B) Long-term protection against specific diseases

C) Relief from symptoms without addressing the cause

D) A general boost to the immune system against all pathogens

44. Which vaccine type aims to protect against diseases caused by toxins produced by bacteria?

A) Live-attenuated vaccine

B) Subunit vaccine

C) Toxoid vaccine

D) Viral vector vaccine

45. Toxoid vaccines are derived from:

A) Live, attenuated viruses

B) Inactivated bacterial toxins

C) Fragments of bacterial cell walls

D) Recombinant DNA technology

46. Subunit vaccines contain only specific pieces of the pathogen, such as:

A) Whole, dead virus

B) Live, weakened bacteria

C) Surface proteins or antigens

D) Toxins produced by the pathogen

47. An example of an inactivated vaccine is:

A) Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)

B) Poliomyelitis (Salk vaccine)

C) Varicella (chickenpox)

D) Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)

48. Which type of vaccine uses a weakened, but live, form of the pathogen?

A) Inactivated vaccine

B) Subunit vaccine

C) Live-attenuated vaccine

D) Toxoid vaccine

49. What is the primary mechanism of action for most vaccines?

A) Directly killing the pathogen within the host.

B) Stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight a specific pathogen.

C) Blocking the entry of pathogens into host cells.

D) Repairing damaged tissues caused by infection.

Vaccines and immunization, AIDS, cancer, lifestyle diseases - Question Bank